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in applications there occur different forms of uncertainty. the twomost important types are randomness (stochastic variability) and imprecision(fuzziness). in modelling, the dominating concept to describe uncertainty isusing stochastic models which are based on probability. however, fuzzinessis not stochastic in nature and therefore it is not considered in probabilisticmodels.since many years t...

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cell phone technology is being increasingly used by clinicians to access up-to-date information during patient care. medical students, residents, and faculty members of medical faculties or hospitals use mobile devices, such as smartphones (e.g., iphone, android, blackberry) and tablet computers (e.g., ipad), to answer clinical questions and find medical information. this article investigates t...

addiction is a phenomenon that causes structural changes in different systems of society. studies show for planning of addiction prevention and treatment, it is necessary to create an information management system. substance dependence information systems refer to systems which collect, analyse and report data related to substance dependence information. the aim of this study was to identify ad...

conclusions: the results of the present research indicates that the emphasis of the his evaluation moves from technical subjects to human and organizational subjects, and from objective to subjective issues. therefore, this issue entails more familiarity with more qualitative evaluation methods. in most of the reviewed studies, the main focus has been laid on the necessity of using multi-method...

what is a medical librarian? he provides information about new medical treatments, clinical trials and standard trials procedures, tests and equipment. where do medical librarians work? they work anywhere health information is needed. what kinds of jobs are available? web managers, medical informatics experts, chief information officers, cat a logers, instructors and reference librarians. who a...

the two terms information and communication have some ambiguities. yet, there is not a consensus on their definitions. but they have some common characteristics, which make them be used interchangeably, information is the basic element for communication. information, inevitably. does net end to communication while when there is communication, there is information 100. communication is the natur...

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