Micro-array Microarrays are microscopic array of single-stranded DNA molecules immobilized on a solid surface by biochemical synthesis also called as DNA chips, gene chips, biochips, DNA microarrays or simply the arrays. Basic idea behind microarray technology is to simultaneously measure the relative expression level of thousands of genes within a particular cell population or tissue. Microarr...

This review highlights the recent methods to prepare PNA-based materials through a combination of self-assembly and self-organization processes. The use of these methods allows easy and versatile preparation of structured hybrid materials showing specific recognition properties and unique physicochemical properties at the nano- and micro-scale levels displaying potential applications in several...

Recently, drug nanosuspensions have shown a potential for ophthalmic delivery. In this study, a hydrocortisone (HC) nanosuspension (NS) was developed using microfluidic nanoprecipitation as a recent, simple and cost-effective bottom-up technique of drug nanonization. For comparison, a second HC NS was prepared by top-down wet milling procedures. The produced nanosuspensions were characterized f...

Procedures and results are described for multiplexed immunochemical assays using semiconductor microchips. The microchips used here are miniaturized arrays of individually addressable microelectrodes controlled by active CMOS circuitry. Electrode densities exceed 1000 per cm2. The array chips are coated with a porous reaction layer material to provide a ‘biofriendly’ milieu overlaying the elect...

We report a novel platform technology of enzyme assay using microfluidic channel. Employing the patterns of microfluidic channel on a plastic chip, the dilution of substrate solution and enzyme reactions are sequentially carried out in microfluidic channels. The microfluidic device is fabricated by micromolding processes with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The device consists of microflui...

Using ECIS (electric cell-substrate impedance sensing) to monitor the impedance of vertebrate cell monolayers provides a sensitive measure of toxicity for a wide range of chemical toxicants. One major limitation to using a cell-based sensor for chemical toxicant detection in the field is the difficulty in maintaining cell viability over extended periods of time prior to use. This research was p...

We report on a novel method for the quantitation of proteins specifically bound on a ligand-presenting biochip by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The bound protein was digested by trypsin, and the resulting peptide fragments were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS in the presence of an isotope-labeled internal standard (IS). The IS has the ...