This paper discusses the reliability testing results of a lead-free version of the micro SMD, National Semiconductor’s Wafer Level-Chip Scale Package (WLCSP). The micro SMD, a true wafer scale package has proven to be highly adaptable in the conventional assembly process, requiring no special considerations during the surface mount assembly operation. The current micro SMD utilizes standard Sn/...

Space exploration is entering a new era, with the advent of widespread use of new micro space probes. However, the increased use of miniaturized equipment corresponds to a decreased availability to carry radiation shielding against the space radiation environment. It is well documented that silicon micron and sub-micron electronics based on diffusive transport through a channel are degraded or ...

This paper focuses on the discretisation of the hydrodynamic transport equations for electrons in sub-micron MOSFET structures. In particular initialisation of the electron temperature equation, and the important problem of accurately calculating the energy input term f J E j on a generalised triangular FE mesh will be considered. The discretisation is applied to the calculation of substrate le...

We propose an electrooptic device in silicon based on a p-i-n-i-p device structure for charge transport. The proposed device exhibits carrier injection time of 10 ps and extraction time of 15 ps enabling 100 GHz operation. When integrated into a resonator the proposed micron-size device operates at 40 Gb/s with 12 dB extinction ratio and 4fJ/bit/micron-length power dissipation, limited in speed...

Pressure-driven flows of high molecular weight polyacrylamide solutions are examined in nanoslits using fluorescence photobleaching. The effective viscosity of polymer solutions decreases when the channel height decreases below the micron scale. In addition, the apparent slippage of the solutions is characterized macroscopically on similar surfaces. Though slippage can explain qualitatively the...

Junctional feet in tubulo-reticular junctions of crayfish muscle fibres are arranged tetragonally with a centre-to-centre spacing of 30-34 nm. The resulting density of 860-1110 feet per 1 micron 2 of the junctional membrane is similar to that reported for other animal species. Using data of a previous stereological study, there are 150-190 feet per 1 micron 2 of the total T-tubule surface and 6...

A particulate preparation was obtained by low speed centrifugation of guinea pig cerebral cortical homogenates prepared with a Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Light microscopic examination, using a reflected light differential interference contrast system, reveals the presence of intact neurons, axonal fragments, glial cells, and erythrocytes along with an abundance of small spherical entities (diamete...

We studied sarcomere performance in single isolated intact cardiac cells using techniques that allow direct measurement of sarcomere length and force. This investigation dealt primarily with sarcomere performance during twitch contractions under lightly loaded conditions. In such contractions, there was a significant portion of the contraction in which sarcomere shortening occurred at constant ...

Spermatozoa from siphonophores have been shown to be attracted towards an extracellular structure, the cupule, which covers the predetermined site of fertilization of the egg. Observations on sperm behaviour during the chemotactic response show that spermatozoa describe trajectories of large diameter (700-1000 micron) while far from the cupule, and of smaller diameter (200 micron) in the cupule...