(EEEL) encompass nearly all key disciplines in electrical, electronic, electromagnetic, and electro-optic materials; components; instruments; and systems, with an emphasis on metrology. The Laboratory has laboratories in Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado; its annual budget is approximately $80 million. EEEL's programs encompass measurements and related research in the following areas...

Typically, many of the modern buildings have concrete walls constructed from cinder block walls, that have periodic nature in their relative dielectric constant. This periodic nature excites higher-order Floquet harmonic modes at microwave frequencies, which leads to the propagation of scattered waves along with non-specular directions. Periodic structures exhibit different behaviors when illum...

The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are considered to contain the greatest amount of information among various microwave techniques developed for measuring ocean variables from aircraft or satellites. They have the potential of measuring wavelength, wave direction and wave height of the ocean waves. But, it is difficult to retrieve significant ocean wave heights and surface current from con...

A new optical topology and signal readout strategy for a laser interferometer gravitational wave detector were proposed recently by Braginsky and Khalili. Their method is based on using a nonlinear medium inside a microwave oscillator to detect the gravitational-wave-induced spatial shift of the interferometer’s standing optical wave. This paper proposes a quantum nondemolition scheme that coul...

Nonmagnetic impurities in d-wave superconductors cause strong local suppressions of the order parameter. We investigate the observable effects of the scatterigng off such suppressions in bulk samples by treating the order parameter “hole” as a pointlike off-diagonal scatterer treated within a selfconsistent t-matrix approximation. Strong scattering potentials lead to a finite-energy spectral fe...