OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish a neurovascular safety zone for surgical access in the middle third of the clavicle, by means of dissection on cadavers. METHODS Twenty shoulders were dissected in 10 cadavers, with deep dissection of the middle third of the clavicle. The following structures were identified: subclavian vein, upper trunk of the brachial plexus (anterior and pos...

Background and purpose - The best treatment for displaced clavicle fractures has been debated for decades. Operative treatment has become more common. However, several randomized trials comparing non-operative and operative treatment have not shown any compelling evidence in favor of surgery. We identified the preferred treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures at public hospitals in 3...

Displaced fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle are associated with an increased risk of nonunion with conservative treatment; therefore, operative treatment is recommended. Various operative treatments have been suggested, but no consensus exists regarding a gold standard for the surgical treatment of this type of fracture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiolog...

INTRODUCTION The optimal treatment of acute, displaced midshaft clavicle fractures is controversial. Despite lack of compelling evidence towards superior results after primary surgery, it seems that more and more patients are treated surgically. The aim of this study was to investigate which treatment modality should be preferred in this population according to current literature. METHOD Rand...

Distal clavicular fractures were classified by Neer in 1963. A type II fracture leads to a high rate of delayed union, or nonunion, with undesirable symptoms. Type II distal clavicular fractures usually exhibit superior displacement of the clavicle. We report two cases of distal clavicular fracture with inferior displacement and posterior displacement. Open reduction and internal fixation was p...

Two cases with clavicula pro humero reconstruction are described after extensive extraarticular wide resection of osteosarcoma due to the aggressive invasion, pre-operative pathological fracture, and relatively resistant to preoperative chemotherapy. Each patient had proximal humeral osteosarcoma and needed extraarticular resection. One necessitated more than two-third of humeral resection and ...

BACKGROUND Midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents have traditionally been treated nonoperatively. Recent studies in the adult literature have shown a higher prevalence of symptomatic malunion, nonunion, and poor functional outcome after nonoperative treatment of displaced fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare operative versus nonoperative treatment of displaced clavicle fractu...