The sphenoid bone articulates with multiple basicranial, facial, and calvarial bones, in humans its synchondroses are known to contribute elongation of the skull base possibly cranial angulation. Its early development (embryological, fetal) has frequently been studied a comparative context. However, perinatal events morphogenesis have explored very few primates. Using cross-sectional age sample...

ATR-X syndrome is an X-linked mental retardation syndrome characterized by mental retardation, alpha thalassaemia and distinct facial features which include microcephaly, frontal hair upsweep, epicanthic folds, small triangular nose, midface hypoplasia and carp-shaped mouth. Here we report two twins with this syndrome.

Aging is a complex process caused by many factors. The most important factors include exposure to UV radiation, smoking, facial muscle movement, gravity, loss and displacement of fat and bone resorption. As a symptom of aging, face loses elasticity, volume and cheerful look. While changing face proportions, the dominant part of a face is its bottom instead of the mid part. The use of three-dime...

Improvements in technology have increased the level of patient care in all aspects of medicine and surgery. This is no less true in the area of cosmetic surgery. The use of endoscopy has led to improved aesthetics with respect to postoperative scarring, decreased healing time for patients, and an increase in overall patient satisfaction. Because the endoscopic brow and midface lift accomplishes...

BACKGROUND Internal eyelid spacer graft is routinely placed during lower eyelid retraction surgery, which may be unnecessary. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of lower eyelid retraction surgery without internal graft in select cases. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing reconstructive lower eyelid retraction surgery without internal graft, by one surgeon from 2013 to 201...

This article reports on the early experience with the 1440-nm wavelength, using a specially designed side-firing fiber, in a four-step approach, primarily to the lower third of the midface and neck. The author presents the clinical protocol, procedure steps, outcomes, and adverse events of use of the laser. Outcomes are described at 3 months, 6 months, and 18 months.

Dental abnormalities, malformation, abnormal eruption pattern, deficient midface development, severe maxillary transverse deficiency and alveolar cleft can be seen in patients with CLP [2,3]. In order to improve facial esthetics and function, treatment of the CLP patients includes respectively nasoalveolar molding, labial repair, palatoplasty, orthodontic expansion, primary or secondary alveola...