Glutathione is important for detoxification, as a cofactor in biochemical reactions and as a thiol-redox buffer. The cytosolic glutathione buffer is normally highly reduced with glutathione redox potentials (E GSH ) of more negative than -310 mV. Maintenance of such negative redox potential is achieved through continuous reduction of glutathione disulfide by glutathione reductase (GR). Deviatio...

A Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) type three-level inverter has the advantages of a low switch voltage and high-quality output waveform. However, there are inherent problems, such as neutral point potential asymmetry common mode interferences, which easily affect symmetry three-phase safe operation inverter. Firstly, according to different modulation degrees, fluctuation midpoint can be suppressed ...

An exact formula is given for the maximum number of edges in a graph that admits a three-dimensional grid-drawing contained in a given bounding box. A three-dimensional (straight-line) grid-drawing of a graph represents the vertices by distinct points in Z, and represents each edge by a line-segment between its endpoints that does not intersect any other vertex, and does not intersect any other...

service oriented enterprises (soes) are subject to constant change and variation. in this paper, the changes are considered from an economic perspective based on service culture notion. once a change is implemented, the costs of some member services may increase, whereas the costs of some other services may reduce. we construct a game theoretic model trying to capture the possible conflicting i...

The role of the heme b in Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase is highly ambiguous and its role in catalysis is questionable. To examine whether heme reduction is an essential step of the catalytic mechanism, we generated a series of site-directed mutations around the heme binding pocket, creating a library of variants with a stepwise decrease in the midpoint potential of the heme from the ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The size of vestibular aqueducts (VAs) seen on CT studies varies. The current practice of calling a VA enlarged when it exceeds a certain threshold (eg, 1.5 mm at the midpoint) is arbitrary. Our hypothesis was that statistical analysis of the range of VA widths in a normal-hearing population would lead to a mathematic definition of the upper-limit-of-normal VA width. MA...