The Modigliani-Miller Theorem on the irrelevance of corporate capital structure is perhaps the best-known result in modern finance. Simply put, the theorem states that, under certain assumptions, the market value of a firm is independent of its capital structure. Under the stylized assumptions of the theorem, substituting equity for debt or adding layers of debt to the capital structure of a fi...

Editor’s key points † There are few data comparing the Miller and Macintosh (MAC) laryngoscope blades in children aged ,2 yr. † In this study, similar views at laryngoscopy could be obtained with Miller and MAC size 1 blades. † The views with the Miller blade were similar when placed under the epiglottis or into the vallecula. † Views with the MAC blade were better when placed into the vallecul...

This paper considers the question ‘How should institutions enable people to meet their needs in situations where there is no guarantee that all needs can be met?’ After considering and rejecting several simple principles for meeting needs, it suggests a new effectiveness principle that 1) gives greater weight to the needs of the less well off and 2) gives weight to enabling a greater number of ...

We study the emergence and dynamics of pulled fronts described by the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov (FKPP) equation in the microscopic reaction-diffusion process A+A<-->A on the lattice when only a particle is allowed per site. To this end we identify the parameter that controls the strength of internal fluctuations in this model, namely, the number of particles per correlated volume. W...

In the present paper we consider a boundary value problem on the semiaxis (0;∞) for a singularly perturbed parabolic equation with the two perturbation parameters 1 and 2 multiplying, respectively, the second and 5rst derivatives with respect to the space variable. Depending on the relation between the parameters, the di7erential equation can be either of reaction–di7usion type or of convection...