Small airways offer 1/4th of the total airways resistance. Disease of small airways results from exposure to tobacco smoke, mineral dust, air-pollutants, and viral infections. It may also be associated with connective tissue disorders or may follow bone marrow, lung, or heart-lung transplantation. The pulmonary function tests are deranged late in the disease and the damage done is irreversible....

This study uses information on Saharan aerosol from a dust transport model to calculate radiative forcing values. The transport model is driven by assimilated meteorological fields from the Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System. The model produces global three-dimensional dust spatial information for four different mineral aerosol sizes. These dust fields are input to an offli...

[1] Using a combination of idealized radiative transfer simulations and a case study from the first field campaign of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) in southern Morocco, this paper provides a systematic assessment of the limitations of the widely used Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) red-green-blue (RGB) thermal infrared dust product. Both analyses indicate th...

One of the world's major mineral dust source regions lies along the border between Iran and Afghanistan. In this studyit is hypothesized that a low-level jet may play in role in generating the intensity of this source region. The presence of alow-level jet east of the Seistan mountains is documented here for the first time. The jet exists mainly from May toSeptember and has a core at 850 mb. Ma...

The purpose of the Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program was to provide scientifically founded information on the chemical and physical properties of dust collected over a period of approximately 1 year in Djibouti, Afghanistan (Bagram, Khowst), Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iraq (Balad, Baghdad, Tallil, Tikrit, Taji, Al Asad), and Kuwait (northern, central, coastal, and southern regi...

A number of recent studies have shown that iron dissolution in Fe-containing dust aerosol can be linked to source material (mineral or anthropogenic), mineralogy, and iron speciation. All of these factors need to be incorporated into atmospheric chemistry models if these models are to accurately predict the impact of Fe-containing dusts into open ocean waters. In this report, we combine dissolu...

Measurements of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP), especially at altitudes relevant to cloud formation, are scarce. Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) has been used to probe aerosol chemical composition from ground and aircraft for over 20 years. Here we develop a method for identifying bioaerosols (PBAP and particles containing fragments of PBAP as part of an internal mixture) ...

Mineral particles are customarily inhaled as mixtures, though one component may predominate and determine the response. Although the lesions often possess a characteristic structure, according to the main type of particle deposited, morphology affords little indication of pathogenesis. Being a major element in the evolution of dust lesions, macrophage behavior has been examined extensively in v...

The phase functions of single mineral dust particles levitated in an electrodynamic balance have been measured. Normalized phase functions and the asymmetry parameter could be determined because nearly the full range of scattering angles was available: 0.5° to 177°. The particles have been characterized using microscopy.

Mass specific optical absorption coefficients of mineral dust components measured by a multi wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer N. Utry, T. Ajtai, M. Pintér, E. Tombácz, E. Illés, Z. Bozóki, and G. Szabó Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Hungarian Academy of Sciences on Photoacoustic Research Group, Szeged, Hungary Department of Physical Chem...