Despite the availability of global and continental climate datasets change information, locally relevant quantification historic trends in variables is still lacking developing countries, especially at local scales. This particularly true Department Arequipa, Peru. An arid region with a booming population, substantial mining activities, large irrigated agriculture, which highly susceptible to c...

High resolution satellite and reanalysis-based air temperature estimates have huge potential to complement the sparse networks of measurements from ground stations in Africa. The recently released Climate Hazards Center Infrared Temperature with Stations (CHIRTS-daily) dataset provides daily minimum maximum on a near-global scale 1983 2016. This study assesses performance CHIRTS-daily compariso...

The improvement of probabilistic assessments extreme air temperature events is a major goal for agrometeorological studies. regional frequency analysis based on L-moments (RFA-Lmom) has been successfully used to improve the study hydrometeorological variables such as rainfall events. This investigated hypothesis that RFA-Lmom can be applied maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) data. RFA-Lmon was c...

Soil temperature is a necessary component for estimating below-ground processes for continental and global carbon budgets; however, there are an insufficient number of climatic stations monitoring soil temperature. We used a n 11-day running average of daily mean air temperature to estimate daily mean soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm using linear regression. This model was tested using data...

On the atomic scale, Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulation of Nano Al cluster impact on Al (100) substrate surface has been carried out for energies of 1-20 eV/atom to understand quantitatively the interaction mechanisms between the cluster atoms and the substrate atoms. The many body Embedded Atom Method (EAM) was used in this simulation. We investigated the maximum substrate temperature Tmax  and...

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an essential component in hydrological and ecological processes. The Penman–Monteith (PM) model of Food Agriculture Organization the United Nations (FAO) requires a number meteorological parameters; it urgent to develop high-precision computationally efficient ET0 models with fewer parameter inputs. This study proposed genetic algorithm (GA) optimize extrem...

Existing studies of the recent warming hiatus over land are primarily based on the average of daily minimum and maximum temperatures (T2). This study compared regional warming rates of mean temperature based on T2 and T24 calculated from hourly observations available from 1998 to 2013. Both T2 and T24 show that the warming hiatus over land is apparent in the mid-latitudes of North America and E...