Although memory is typically measured by recall or recognition, it is also expressed by fluent or stylized task performance. In this experiment, 12 volunteers (called speakers) completed four experimental stages over a 2-week period. They read printed words aloud in two sessions, before and after exposure to auditory training tokens. They later completed a recognition memory test, discriminatin...

In two experiments, predictions of the fuzzy-trace theory of memory were tested. Perceptual information may play a role in retrieval and recognition processes for verbatim, but not for gist, memory. Perceptual modality effects were assessed in the present study by presenting three-sentence stories (e.g., The bird is in the cage. The cage is over the table. The bird is yellow) and then testing r...

The neural correlates of gist and verbatim encoding of episodes sharing semantically related components were investigated. At study, participants were presented with lists of word pairs formed by pairing one of two associated words with different associates of an unstudied theme word. At test, participants discriminated Old pairs from rearranged pairs generated by re-pairing study pairs belongi...

We derive an explicit Hamiltonian for copying the basis up and down states of a quantum two-state system—a qubit—onto n " copy " qubits (n ≥ 1) initially all prepared in the down state. In terms of spin components , for spin-1 2 particle spin states, the resulting Hamiltonian involves n-and (n + 1)-spin interactions. The case n = 1 also corresponds to a quantum-computing controlled-NOT gate.

The set of operations in state-of-the-art graph transformation tools allows one to conditionally create and remove nodes and edges from input graphs. Node attributes can be initialized or updated with information from other attributes, parameters or constants. These operations appear to be too restricted for expressing model refinements in a concise manner. More specifically, graph transformati...