Abbreviations: aBDC, after bottomdead center; aTDC, aft bottomdead center; bTDC, before top dead center; CA50, cra fraction reaches to 50%; CI, compression ignition; COVime indicated mean effective pressure; DI, direct injection; DIS DOI, duration of injection (first DOI1, second DOI2); EGR, homogenous charge compression ignition; IMEP, indicat injection ratio; MPRR, maximum pressure rise rate;...

In the most application of nozzle with gas-liquid two-phase flow, the quality of mixture in exhaust of nozzle is the most important parameter as well as the flow velocity. On the other hand, in some industrial application, such as water injection in forced induction (turbocharged or supercharged) internal combustion engine the spray quality is the main goal of designing. In this case and for im...

In order to find out the advantages and disadvantages of various development methods of coal bed gas, the experimental block provided by the field is studied, the component calculation model is established by CMG numerical simulation software on the basis of fine geologic modeling. Four development schemes are designed which are depleted development, development of hydraulic fracturing, develop...

Numerical modeling of direct hydrogen injection and in-cylinder mixture formation is performed in this paper. Numerical studies on direct-injection hydrogen engines are very limited due mainly to the complexity in modeling the physical phenomena associated with the high-velocity gas jet. The high injection pressure will result in a choked flow and develop an underexpanded jet at the nozzle exit...

BACKGROUND Suprachoroidal gas injection has been reported as a complication of pneumatic retinopexy, and the usefulness of B-scan ultrasonography has been reported. A case of suprachoroidal gas injection as a complication of pars plana vitrectomy confirmed by computed tomography (CT) is presented here. METHODS A 64-year-old woman developed a vitreous hemorrhage due to a retinal tear secondary...

The aim of this paper is to clarify some physical-mechanical aspects involved in the carbon dioxide angiography procedure (CO₂ angiography), with a particular attention to a possible damage of the vascular wall. CO₂ angiography is widely used on patients with iodine intolerance. The injection of a gaseous element, in most cases manually performed, requires a long training period. Automatic syst...

the main factor affecting the economics of foam-assisted water alternative gas (fawag) process isthe loss of foaming agent by adsorption onto reservoir rocks. in this study, the effects of phases,surfactant concentration, salinity, adsorbents, and sacrificial agent on adsorption density wereinvestigated by special adsorption experiments. moreover, a series of fawag tests were performedto examin...

We study experimentally the miscible radial displacement of a more viscous fluid by a less viscous one in a horizontal Hele-Shaw cell. For the range of tested injection rates and viscosity ratios we observe two regimes for the evolution of the fluid-fluid interface. At early times the interface length increases linearly with time, which is typical of the Saffman-Taylor instability for this radi...

Colloidal Gas Aphron as a mobility control in enhanced oil recovery is becoming attractive; it is also designed to block porous media with micro-bubbles. In this paper, the effects of surfactant concentration, polymer concentration, temperature and salinity on the bubble size of the Colloidal Gas Aphron were studied. Effects of injection rates, Colloidal Gas Aphron fluid composition, heterogene...

Traditional methods of coal seam gas drainage rely on the use of reservoir pressure reduction to promote gas desorption from the coal matrix. Studies in coal mining gas drainage operations, particularly in coal seams that are deeply undersaturated and have low permeability, found the rate of reservoir pressure reduction was prohibitively slow. In such conditions, lengthy production delays have ...