The crystal structures of six complexes between aminoglycoside antibiotics (neamine, gentamicin C1A, kanamycin A, ribostamycin, lividomycin A and neomycin B) and oligonucleotides containing the decoding A site of bacterial ribosomes are reported at resolutions between 2.2 and 3.0 A. Although the number of contacts between the RNA and the aminoglycosides varies between 20 and 31, up to eight dir...

The a l t e r n a t i n g copolymer poly(dA-dT) has been methylated with e i t h e r d i methyl sulphate (DM£) or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and t he l e v e l s of the var ious methylat ion products determined. In addi t ion to the methylated adenines formed by both methylat ing agents , MNU r e s u l t e d a l so i n the forma t ion of 3-nethylthymine, £ -methylthymine and p h o s p h o t r...

During the past few years, several laboratories reported that actinomycin D blocked the antiviral activity of interferon (E. Heller, Virology 21:652, 1963; J. Taylor, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 14:447, 1964). This finding suggests that de novo synthesis of cellular ribonucleic acid (RNA) is required for the functioning of interferon, because actinomycin D is known to block the synthesis of ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the accuracy of (1) hospital discharge data and (2) death certificates, coded as motor neuron disease (MND). DESIGN Comparison of data from The Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Register (SMNDR) with routinely collected Scottish Hospital In-Patient Statistics (SHIPS) and death certificate coding. SETTING Scotland UK. PATIENTS 1) 379 adults (> 15 years) discharged for t...

We read with interest the article by Koshy et al. The findings are important in documenting changes in admission rates of childhood pneumonia and empyema since the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). We are concerned that undue emphasis has been placed on Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data to define the aetiology of childhood pneumonia, particularly ‘bacterial...

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a lung carcinogen in rats and may be a cause of lung cancer in smokers. NNK is metabolized by cytochromes P450 to intermediates that react with DNA forming methyl, pyridyloxobutyl (POB), and pyridylhydroxybutyl (PHB) adducts, which are critical in carcinogenesis. The methyl adduct O-methylguanine (O-methyl-...

BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies suggest that working-aged persons with a history of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may have an increased risk for developing neurodegenerative disease (NDD) while persons with a history of mild TBI do not. In this comprehensive nationwide study in Finland, we assessed the risk of NDD and history of moderate-to-severe TBI in the workin...

Comparative mutagenesis of 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), two endogenous DNA lesions that are also formed by exogenous DNA damaging agents, have been evaluated in HeLa and xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) cell extracts. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the duplex M13mp2SV vector containing these lesions established that there was significant inhibition of re...

The alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and trans-4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are products of endogenous lipid peroxidation, arising as a consequence of oxidative stress. The addition of enals to dG involves Michael addition of the N(2)-amine to give N(2)-(3-oxopropyl)-dG adducts, followed by reversible cyclization of N1 with the aldehyde, yielding 1,N(2)-dG exocycli...