paper presents the work carried out in developing a precision, bolus injection system to study the effect of regional deposition of fine particulate matter (PM) within the human respiratory system and to investigate the optimal conditions for inhaled drug delivery. In contrast to existing methods, the new system computes parameters necessary and injects PM into breath cycles by a process of dyn...

This paper proposes a method for estimating emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM) from ships using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. The method can be summarized in three steps : 1) capture of AIS data, 2) estimation of ships resistance, propulsion power, engine power and fuel consumption, 3) estimation of CO2 and PM emissions based on fuel consumption. The met...

In 1998 Congress mandated expanded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) health effects research on ambient air particulate matter (PM) and a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide research oversight. The U.S. EPA currently supports intramural and extramural PM research, including five academically based PM centers. The PM centers in their first 2.5 years have initiated ...

Airborne suspended particulate matter (SPM) is a serious worldwide concern since it is linked with adverse health effects. Several epidemiological studies have been made across the world revealing the association of SPM in air with acute and chronic respiratory disorders, lung cancer, morbidity and mortality. Odds ratio estimated by several studies of the dose–response relationship for particul...

RATIONALE Acute and chronic exposures to airborne particulate matter (PM) have been linked in epidemiological studies to a wide spectrum of cardiovascular disorders that are characterized by a dysfunctional endothelium. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine whether exposure to fine PM with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 microm (PM(2...

One of the goals of a recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air pollution study was to relate the participants’ activities to their exposures to particulate matter (PM) during their routine activities. PM concentration data were collected continuously with a real-time monitor, downloaded daily in CSV format and concatenated using AWK. Human activity diary information was collected via pen...

BACKGROUND Recent time-series studies have indicated that both cardiovascular disease (CVD)mortality and hospitalizations are associated with particulate matter (PM). However, seasonal patterns of PM associations with these outcomes are not consistent, and PM components responsible for these associations have not been determined. We investigated this issue in New York City (NYC), where PM origi...

Abstract Particulate Matter (PM) is microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The term aerosol commonly refers to particulate/air mixture, as opposed particulate alone. Sources can be natural anthropogenic. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health, ways additional direct inhalation. statistical methods used this study depend d...

BACKGROUND As there is a scarcity of evidence on potential hazards and preventive factors for infantile eczema operating in the prenatal period, the main goal of this study was to assess the role of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the occurrence of infant eczema jointly with the possible modulating effect of maternal fish consumption. METH...