A best e€ort approach to data scheduling, such as optimistic concurrency control in real-time database systems (RTDBS), imposes a heavy burden on the systems by restarting con ̄icting transactions. The restarted transactions themselves may miss their deadlines and the resources consumed by them may be wasted. Hence it can be better to schedule transactions such that only con ̄ict free transaction...

The correctness of nested transactions for multidatabases dif fers from that of at transactions in that for nested transactions the execution order of siblings at each related site should also be consistent In this paper we rst propose a simple but powerful theory for the se rializability of nested transactions in multidatabases and then a tech nique called Nested Tickets Method for Nested Tran...

Web services transactions are used to build efficient and reliable web applications which are distributed across the Internet and are accessed by multiple simultaneous users. Current research develops various models and protocols in order to improve the performance and reliability of web services transactions. However, there is little research on testing the different models and protocols of we...

Our concern is the high level speciication of reactive software systems such as information systems. We adopt an object oriented, temporal logic based approach to speciication. The notion of transaction incorporates various application domains, for instance transactions as abstractions from processes as known from reenement theory, transactions as abstractions from business processes as known i...

Trade relationships built through production chains appear to be lasting due to relation-specific nature of the transactions, compared with the usual transactions of goods sold on the open market. This paper aims to verify such stability of international production networks at the global level, with special emphasis on intra-East Asian trade. A series of survival analyses provide an evidence su...

A nalyzing more than 9,400 investment transactions performed by 32 sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), from 23 countries, and targeted towards 77 countries, between 2010 and 2013, this study highlights some of the most important visible patterns and nuances in SWF investments. First, lion’s share of SWF investments are cross-border transactions that originated from and targeted towards hi...

Electronic banking has been around for some time in the form of automatic teller machines and telephone transactions but with the advent of internet, more publicity has been witnessed. This issue of internet has equally given a new look to their transactions and mode of product delivery in banking services for the benefits of both the customers and the banks. The objective of this paper is to f...

One of the most important obstacles to using Internet banking is the lack of Stability of transactions and some misuse in the course of transactions it is financial. That is why preventing unauthorized access Crime detection is one of the major issues in financial institutions and banks. In this article, a system of intelligence has been designed that recognizes Suspicious and unusual behaviors...

transaction cost economics (tce), as a subset of new institutional economics (nie), is the combination of economics, organization and law. noble prize in 2009 was dedicated to oliver williamson who was the most popular face in the economics as tce main contributor. in tce, the main issues on the one hand is how institutions follow characteristics of transactions, on the other hand, the making o...