The inmates of prisons are restricted to a rigid diet which they are unable to vary or supplement, and upon which they may have to subsist for long periods of time. It is therefore of cardinal importance that the diet scales provided for them should be nutritionally adequate in every respect. There are numerous historical reports of malnutrition occurring in prisons. Between 1939 and 1944 it wa...

Prisons are not normal environments. They are, as Bottoms (1999) observed, not only ‘total institutions’ in the sense that they encompass inmates’ lives to an extent qualitatively greater than other social institutions (Goffman, 1961), they are physical places (mostly surrounded by high walls) with a specific history and ethos that are designed to be places of punishment. Prisons bring troubled...

We conducted a national survey of prisons, jails, and community correctional agencies to estimate the prevalence of entry into and accessibility of correctional programs and drug treatment services for adult offenders. Substance abuse education and awareness is the most prevalent form of service provided, being offered in 74% of prisons, 61% of jails, and 53% of community correctional agencies;...

In Britain doctors and others concerned with the treatment of offenders in prison may consult the Butler Report (see Focus, pp 157) and specialist journals, but these sources are concerned with the system in Britain only. In America the situation is different, both in organization and in certain attitudes. Dr Peter L Sissons has therefore provided a companion article to that of Dr Paul Bowden (...

Recent evidence indicate that prison population is at risk of HIV, even though they are one of the most neglected risk group in the area of prevention and management (Joshua 2004). By late 1992, HIV seropositive prisoners had been detected in the Nigeria prisons (Orubuloye et al. 1995). A prevalence of 8.7 %, far higher than the Nation’s average of 6 % was reported for Nigerian prisons (Akpan e...

BACKGROUND Exposure to job stress causes deleterious effects on physical and mental health of employees and productivity of organizations. OBJECTIVE To study work-related stressors among employees of prisons of Ilam, western Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted from July to October 2013, 177 employees of Ilam prisons and security-corrective measures organization were enrolled ...

As a work in progress, we are currently investigating if current offender technology used in prisons worldwide meets the needs of prisoners who have low computer and reading literacy. In addition to the obvious requirements of a prisoner’s persona, researchers have identified that emotions in prisons can be heightened and usability issues with technology can be disruptive and result in unwanted...

In California, coccidioidomycosis is a disease acquired by inhaling spores of Coccidioides immitis, a fungus found in certain arid regions, including the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA, where 8 state prisons are located. During 2011, we reviewed coccidioidomycosis rates at 2 of the prisons that consistently report >80% of California's inmate cases and determined inmate risk factors for pri...

BACKGROUND A systematic literature review was performed to investigate the occurrence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in prisons located in countries formerly part of the Soviet Union. METHODS A systematic search of published studies reporting MDR TB occurrence in prisons located in former Soviet countries was conducted by probing PubMed and Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied He...