Previous research has confirmed that the distribution of bids for construction auctions can be reasonably modeled with Lognormal distribution. The location parameter this (the mean μ) been found to have a good linear correlation bidders’ cost estimates. However, scale (standard deviation bids, σ) remains noticeably difficult anticipate. By analyzing 13 auction datasets, hard evidence is provide...

An encryption scheme is non-malleable if the adversary cannot transform a ciphertext into one of a related message under the given public key. Although providing a very strong security property, some application scenarios like the recently proposed key-substitution attacks yet show the limitations of this notion. In such settings the adversary may have the power to transform the ciphertext and ...

Measures of variation are statistical measures which assist in describing the distribution data set. These either used separately or together to give a wide variety ways measuring variability data. Researchers and mathematicians found out that these were not perfect, they violated algebraic laws possessed some weakness could ignore. As result facts, new measure known as geometric was formulated...

purpose: to assess patient satisfaction with ophthalmologic services at labbafinejad medical center. method: the present study was a cross-sectional study conducted during the summer of 2008. patients with ophthalmic problems were selected by systematic random sampling according to the admission list. a trained investigator interviewed patients in the hospital or clinic. the data collection too...