True n-type doping of titanium oxide without formation of midgap states would expand the use of metal oxides for charge-based devices. We demonstrate that plasma-assisted fluorine insertion passivates defect states and that fluorine acts as an n-type donor in titanium oxide. This enabled us to modify the Fermi level and transport properties of titanium oxide outside the limits of O vacancy dopi...

• Robust sensorless commutation control. • External speed reference. • Overcurrent detection/protection. • Basic speed controller included. • Full source code in C. • Source code can be adapted to a new motor by changing parameters. • Several I/O pins/peripherals not used for motor control. Can be used for other purposes, such as status LEDs, communication or user input. • Works without modific...

By charge neutralization of carboxylic acid groups in graphene oxide (GO) with Cs(2)CO(3) to afford Cesium-neutralized GO (GO-Cs), GO derivatives with appropriate modification are used as both hole- and electron-extraction layers for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. The normal and inverted devices based on GO hole- and GO-Cs electron-extraction layers both outperform the corresponding sta...

Quantification of genetic modification (GM) is often undertaken to test for compliance with the European Union GM labeling threshold in food. Different control laboratories will often use common validated methods, but with different models of real-time PCR machines. We performed two separate ring trials to evaluate the relative precision and accuracy of different types of real-time PCR machines...

Functional studies of resident microglia require molecular tools for their genetic manipulation. Here we show that microRNA-9-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used for the targeted genetic modification of resident microglia in the rodent brain. Using transgenic reporter mice, we demonstrate that murine microglia lack microRNA-9 activity, whereas most other cells in the brain express microRNA...

Dale Pearse School of Agricultural & Resource Economics, University of Western Australia A choice modeling approach was used to identify consumer preferences for various hypothetical forms of genetic modification in beer, using a sample from Western Australia. It was found that respondents were equally averse to first-generation modification in either plants or microorganisms but were willing t...

The Three Rs are the main principles used by Animal Ethics Committees in the governance of animal experimentation, but they appear not to cover some ethical issues that arise today. These include: a) claims that certain species should be exempted on principle from harmful research; b) increased emphasis on enhancing quality of life of research animals; c) research involving genetically modified...