STUDY OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative health effects of the income and health insurance provisions of the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS About 10 000 employees of city contractors are subject to the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance, which establishes an annually adjusted minimum wage (7.99 US dollars per hour in July 2002) and requires employers to c...

Congress extended the crop insurance program to livestock with the Agricultural Risk Protection Act (ARPA) of 2000. Two livestock insurance products, Livestock Risk Protection (LRP) and Livestock Gross Margin (LGM), were subsequently approved by FCIC for sale beginning in the summer of 2002. Originally, LRP offered insurance against unexpected declines in the market price of hogs in Iowa. In 20...

Farmers face enormous production risks due to unpredictable rainfall, yet most do not have any formal insurance. One explanation for this is the existence of informal network-based risk sharing. Using a randomized controlled experiment, we study the demand for, and effects of, offering formal index-based rainfall insurance in an environment of tightly knit informal risk sharing networks: sub-ca...

Agricultural producers face many risks in their economic activity due to weather conditions, plant or animal diseases, price volatility, policy changes and so on. One of the management tools to deal with some of these risks is the crop insurance system. In Catalonia (North-East of Spain) farmers’ participation in crop insurance for vegetables is low. Only 5 percent of the vegetables area is ins...

In China, with the economic reforms leading to the raise in agricultural productivity, the rural healthcare organisation has been weakened. In a 1991-2006 database, a decrease in the healthcare demand is observed. If many papers study the effect of the insurance system (NCMS) on the healthcare demand, other factors explaining the healthcare demand have not received much research attention yet. ...

Being at the same time a major staple food and a crop very sensitive to weather and price fluctuations, maize is in the core of food security challenges in Tanzania. In a country where agricultural production is mainly driven by smallholder farmers and where the exposure to weather shocks such as drought is likely to increase because of climate change, implementing an efficient and affordable i...

Feasibility of Price Insurance Agricultural Products in Business Stability (Case Study: Sari Farmers)

the multi-criteria decision making model is an important tool for decision making in water resource management. in this paper, the topsis model was used to rank seven flood management options in the gorganrood river flood management project, including conservation of natural condition, golestan reservoir management, levee construction, diversions-channel construction, flood forecasting and warn...

background: with the increased range of medical insurance coverage in china, the proportion of medical expenditure shouldered by individuals is declining. the problem is the rapidly growing scale of medical expenditures challenges the sustainability of medical insurance funds. methods: this study used the heckman selection model, survival analysis, and ordered probit model to evaluate the effec...