The failure process ahead of a mode I crack advancing in a ductile thin metal plate or sheet produces plastic dissipation through a sequence of deformation steps that include necking well ahead of the crack tip and shear localization followed by a slant fracture in the necked region somewhat closer to the tip. The objective of this paper is to analyze this sequential process to characterize the...

A new simulation strategy to model hydrogen embrittlement based on a multi-field finite element using displacements, pressure, volume variation, nonlocal damage variables and lattice concentration as unknowns is proposed. The material described modified GTN model, which includes the description of enhanced decohesion (HEDE). problem solved fully implicit formulation. Numerical problems related ...

BACKGROUND Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a curable disease that involves the development of malignant tumor in the woman after a normal or molar pregnancy. The position of surgery in GTN is not properly specified and is changing due to new chemotherapy protocols. However, the role of surgery is highlighted in chemotherapy-resistant GTN. Other indications of surgery in trophoblast...

INTRODUCTION Anal fissure is an ischemic ulcer caused by combination of spasm of internal anal sphincter and poor blood supply to the posterior midline of anal canal. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Glyceryl Trinitrate and Nifedipine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. METHODS Ninety patients with symptomatic anal fissure in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital are all...

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. The overall cure rate in treating these tumors is currently >90%. Thorough evaluation and staging allow selection of appropriate therapy that maximizes chances for cure while minimizing toxicity. Nonmetastatic (stage I) and low-risk metastat...

Background Foot ulceration is caused by a variety of factors including ischemia. GTN is a nitric oxide donor that reliably causes vasodilation, but its potential to improve local vascular supply to at-risk feet has received little attention. When used to supplement standard evidence-based wound care, transdermal GTN produced rapid ulcer healing in four cases of non diabetic and diabetic ulcers....

OBJECTIVES In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), fingertip digital ulcers (DUs) are believed to be ischaemic, and extensor surface DUs a result of mechanical factors/microtrauma. Our aim was to assess blood flow response to topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) compared to placebo in SSc DUs, looking for differences in pathophysiology between fingertip and extensor lesions. METHOD This was a...

Gestational trophoblastic disease describes a number of gynaecological tumours that originate in the trophoblast layer, including hydatidiform mole (complete or partial), placental site trophoblastic tumour, choriocarcinoma and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Invasive moles are responsible for most cases of localized GTN. Two cases of GTN previously reported in the literature exhibit...