We examined the effects of clinically available Kampo medicines; Kakkon-to (Formula puerariae), Boi-ogi-to (Formula astragali et sinomenii), Chorei-to (Formula polypori) and Tsu-do-san (Pulvis purgtionis sanguinolentiae), on phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in the rat heart. PDE activity was estimated by measuring the cyclic AMP hydrolyzing speed using the enzymatic fluorometric assay technique...

New General Ray (GR) method for solution of the Dirichlet boundary value problem for the class of elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDE) is proposed. GRmethod consists in application of the Radon transform directly to the PDE and in reduction PDE to assemblage of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). The class of the PDE includes the Laplace, Poisson and Helmgoltz equations. GRmethod pr...

We prove that a class of A-stable symplectic Runge–Kutta time semidiscretizations (including the Gauss–Legendre methods) applied to a class of semilinear Hamiltonian PDEs which are well-posed on spaces of analytic functions with analytic initial data can be embedded into a modified Hamiltonian flow up to an exponentially small error. As a consequence, such timesemidiscretizations conserve the m...

The activity of cyclic 3':5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) (EC 3.1.4.17) was measured in cultured normal and neoplastic rat mammary epithelium. Total PDE activity in normal cells was 1.6 to 6 times higher than that in tumor cells over a concentration range of 0.01 to 1 mM cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. PDE activity was distributed between the low-speed (4000 x g) particulate and sup...

Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are approved as the first line of therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, different studies have been performed to study the use of these agents in other areas of urology. There are many studies related to the use of PDE-5 inhibitors as a monotherapy or combination therapy with alpha-blockers for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)...

BACKGROUND Shortening tuberculosis treatment could significantly improve patient adherence and decrease the development of drug resistance. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) have been shown to be beneficial in animal models of tuberculosis. We assessed the impact of PDE-Is on the duration of treatment in tuberculous mice. METHODS We analyzed the time to death in Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

Detection threshold in cone photoreceptors requires the simultaneous absorption of several photons because single photon photocurrent is small in amplitude and does not exceed intrinsic fluctuations in the outer segment dark current (dark noise). To understand the mechanisms that limit light sensitivity, we characterized the molecular origin of dark noise in intact, isolated bass single cones. ...

The G protein cascade of vision depends on two peripheral membrane proteins: the G protein, transducin (Gt), and cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). Each has covalently attached lipids, and interacts with transduction components on the membrane surface. We have found that their surface interactions are critically dependent on the nature of the lipid. Membranes enhance their protein-protein interactio...

We investigated the effects of single and combined exposures to two ubiquitous environmental carcinogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and UVA radiation, in Big Blue mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We quantified the cytotoxicity, DNA adduct formation, and induction of mutations in the cII transgene in cells treated with a single agent or combinations of agents in both direct and reverse order....

In this paper, we propose the use of partial differential equation (PDE) based novel PDE transforms for determining jump discontinuity locations in piecewise smooth data containting potential isolated jump discontinuities. The PDE transform method involves evolving coupled PDEs under different time scales to extract edge information. Multiscale edge detection is done by varying the parameters a...