The optimal condition of spray drying purified flavonoids extract from R. tomentosa berries was studied by response surface methodology. The optimized condition for microencapsulation was of maltodextrin to gum Arabic ratio 1 : 1.3, total solid content 27.4%, glycerol monostearate content 0.25%, and core to coating material ratio 3 : 7, resulting in EE 91.75%. Prepared at the optimized conditio...

Relationships between yearly malaria incidence and (1) climate data from weather station and (2) satellite-based vegetation health (VH) indices were investigated for prediction of malaria vector activities in Bangladesh. Correlation analysis of percent of malaria cases with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer- (AVHRR-) based VH indices represented by the vegetation condition index (VCI-moi...

Wildfire is one of the most significant forms of natural disturbance, impacting a wide range of ecosystems ranging from boreal forests to Mediterranean shrublands and tropical rainforest. One of the greatest uncertainties in assessing fire danger is our knowledge of fuels. Fuel properties vary at fine spatial scales, change depending on stand age and prior disturbance history and vary seasonall...

Controlled release urea (CRU) has been widely adopted to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency and maize production, but the impacts can range widely depending on water availability in the soil. In an experiment using Zhengdan 958 (a popular summer maize hybrid), three levels of water treatments (adequate water condition [W3], which maintained soil moisture at about 75% ± 5% of the soil's field ...

the swleww computer model (soil water leaf extension of winter wheat) was developed in order to simulate the daily extension of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv.ghods) leaf area as a function of soil moisture stress. the model consists of two main components: (1) the previously developed sw a tre (soil water and actual transpiration rate extended) program for simulating the soil water budg...