We outline a computational model of the development and regeneration of specific eye-brain circuits. The model comprises a self-organizing map-forming network which uses local Hebb rules. constrained by molecular markers. Various simulations of the development of eyebrain maps in fish and frogs are described.

s/). 8. Bhattramakki, D. et al., in Plant and Animal Genome VIII Conference, 9–12 January 2000, San Diego, USA (http://www.intl-pag.org/pag/8/abstracts/). 9. Mohan, M., Nair, S., Bhagwat, A., Krishna, T. G., Yano, M., Bhatia, C. R. and Sasaki, T., Mol. Breed., 1997, 3, 87–103. 10. Gupta, P. K., Varshney, R. K., Sharma, P. C. and Ramesh, B., Plant Breed., 1999, 118, 369–390. 11. Gupta, P. K. and...

Background High levels Plasmodium falciparum resistance to Chloroquine (CQ) compelled Tanzania to replace CQ with Suphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as first-line antimalarial in 2001 which was however replaced with Artemether Lumefantrine (AL) in 2006. Studies in Malawi have shown sufficient recovery of CQ-sensitivity after its withdrawal warranting re-using CQ in combination with other antimalari...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revolutionized the field of diagnostics, and today it has routine applications in medical, veterinary, forensic and botanical sciences. The fields of biological control and insect pest management have generally been slow to adopt PCR-based diagnostics in comparison with other fields of science. However, there has been increasing interest in the use of molecul...

Tumour marker as a term generally refers to developmentally regulated proteins which are expressed in or from neoplastic tissues. Traditionally these proteins were protein or carbohydrate molecules, which were expressed in the fetus during the developmental period, thus these were also known as ‘oncofetal antigens’. In the present era the term ‘tumour marker’ has acquired a broader sense and im...

Genetic improvement in animals and plants for food consumption has been practised and realised since domestication. Intensive improvement, increasingly with incorporation of genetic principles, has been undertaken for a century or more. Much of this has been highly intensive and effective, notably in poultry. There are consequently concerns that genetic variation is being exhausted and continue...

Herbal drug technology is used for converting botanical materials into medicines, where standardization and quality control with proper integration of modern scientific techniques and traditional knowledge is important. The use of chromatographic techniques and marker compounds to standardize botanical preparations has limitations because of their variable sources and chemical complexity. DNA-b...

The ultimate goal of the biomedical informatics project PrognoChip is the identification of classification and prognosis molecular markers for breast cancer. This requires not only an understanding of the genetic basis of the disease, based on the patient’s tumor gene expression profiles but also the correlation of this data with knowledge normally processed in the clinical setting. In this pap...