It has been established that 20 species (including two complexes) of freshwater gastropods from 7 families live in water bodies on the territory PSRER, which 51 trematodes 21 with a predominance Echinostomatidae family (10 species) parasitize at parthenitis stage. The maximum number trematode was registered mollusks Lithoglyphus naticoides and Planorbarius corneus – 8 parasites an infestation 1...

The crystals in animal biominerals, such as sea urchin spines, mollusk shells, and coral skeletons, form by attachment of amorphous particles that subsequently crystallize. Do these solid precursor have liquid precursors? Polymer-induced precursors (PILP) or prenucleation clusters coalescing into a to calcium carbonate crystallization been observed extensively synthetic systems. Molecular dynam...