AIMS We investigated the role of the TLR4-accessory molecule RP105 (CD180) in post-ischemic neovascularization, i.e. arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. TLR4-mediated activation of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes is crucial for effective neovascularization. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that RP105+ monocytes are present in the perivascular space of remodeling collateral arterioles. As RP...

The purpose of this investigation was to test whether the generation of oxygen radicals is required for the cytotoxic activity of human monocytes. The cytotoxic activity of human monocytes was measured as the capacity to lyse, in vitro, human red cells sensitized with noncomplement-binding lgG anti-D alloantibodies. Lysis was determined by measuring 51Cr release from the red cells. Studies were...

Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a critical role in the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells and influences neutrophil influx to the site of inflammation. IFN-I receptor knockout (Ifnar1⁻/⁻) mice develop significant defects in the infiltration of Ly6C(hi) monocytes in the lung after influenza infection (A/PR/8/34, H1N1). Ly6C(hi) monocytes of wild-type (WT) mice are the main producers of MCP-...

BACKGROUND Homocysteine and pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) have been linked to vascular dysfunction and risks of cardiovascular diseases. Fulvic acid (FA), a class of compounds of humic substances, possesses various pharmacological properties. However, the effect of FA on inflammatory responses of the monocytes remains unclear. We investigated the regulatory effect ...

BACKGROUND Dengue infection ranks as one of the most significant viral diseases of the globe. Currently, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral therapy for prevention or treatment. Monocytes/macrophages are the principal target cells for dengue virus and are responsible for disseminating the virus after its transmission. Dengue virus enters target cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis afte...

The production by monocytes of interleukin-la (IL-la), interleukin-1lj# (IL-1,), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis syndrome (n = 23) or noninfectious shock (n = 6) is reported. Plasma cytokines, cell-associated cytokines within freshly isolated monocytes and LPS-induced in vitro cytokine production were assessed at adm...

Monocytes can be activated by incubation with opsonized zymosan (Zop), and under these conditions can oxidize low density lipoprotein (LDL). We have characterized the biochemical changes in the lipoprotein after this oxidation. We found that monocyte-oxidized LDL has increased mobility on agarose gels, increased absorbance at 234 nm, increased content of lysophosphatidylcholine, and fluorescenc...

Monocytes are circulating precursors for tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) but are not recognized to directly participate in antigen presentation. We developed techniques to label mouse monocyte subsets with particulate tracers in vivo. Gr-1lo but not Gr-1hi monocytes were stably labeled by intravenous injection of 0.5-microm microspheres. Gr-1hi monocytes could be labeled when the m...

Monocytes are important target cells for anti-inflammatory antisense strategies. However, monocytes are characterized by strong phagocytic and catalytic activity which may limit the effect of antisense oligonucleotides. Intracellular distribution of oligonucleotides in monocytes and the effect of cationic lipids on oligonucleotide uptake in monocytes and other leukocytes have not been evaluated...

Unlike unanimous opinion on tissue factor (TF) expression in monocytes, the quest for TF presence in granulocytes has been going on for decades. To study the cell origin and track the blood-borne TF, we assessed TF activity and protein levels, knocked-down endogenous TF expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA), and overexpressed TF-yellow fluorescent protein (TF-YFP) fusion in immunologica...