The presence and extent of genetic variation in saffron crocus are still debated, as testified by several contradictory articles providing contrasting results about the monomorphism or less of the species. Remarkably, phenotypic variations have been frequently observed in the field, such variations are usually unstable and can change from one growing season to another. Considering that gene exp...

The notion of a subtractive category, recently introduced by the author, is a “categorical version” of the notion of a (pointed) subtractive variety of universal algebras, due to A.Ursini. We show that a subtractive variety C, whose theory contains a unique constant, is abelian (i.e. C is the variety of modules over a fixed ring), if and only if the dual category Cop of C, is subtractive. More ...

Previously, we found that the genotype of 42 out of 198 mouse microsatellite loci, which are distributed among all chromosomes except the Y chromosome, changed from monomorphism to polymorphism (CMP) in a genetically modified inbred mouse strain. In this study, we further examined whether CMP also relates to the homologous recombination in gene knockout (KO) mouse strains. The same 42 microsate...

The association between hyperstructures and binary relations had been intensively studied 5,6,10,11,2,4,20 . Chvalina 5,6 and Hort 2 use ordered structures for the construction of semigroups and hypergroups. Rosenberg 4 associated with any binary relation of full domain, a hypergroupoid and found conditions on , such that is a hypergroup. Corsini and Leoreanu 16 study hypergroups and binary rel...

Mammalian external genitals show sexual dimorphism [1, 2] and can change size and shape upon sexual arousal. Genitals feature prominently in the oldest pieces of figural art [3] and phallic depictions of penises informed psychoanalytic thought about sexuality [4, 5]. Despite this longstanding interest, the neural representations of genitals are still poorly understood [6]. In somatosensory cort...

Cotton bollworm/legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most damaging pests worldwide. Because of the difficulties associated with chemical control of this pest, emphasis has been placed on developing transgenic plants with resistance to H. armigera. Since toxin genes from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been deployed on a large scale, there is need to scout for alt...

A categorical embedding theorem is proved for geometric lattices. This states roughly that, if one wants to consider only those embeddings into pro-jective spaces having a suitable universal property, then the existence of such an embedding can be checked by seeing whether corresponding properties hold for many small intervals. Tutte's embedding theorem for binary geometric lattices is a conseq...

We prove that for matrix algebras Mn there exists a monomorphism ( ∏ nMn/⊕n Mn)⊗ C(S ) −→ Q into the Calkin algebra which induces an isomorphism of the K1-groups. As a consequence we show that every vector bundle over a classifying space Bπ which can be obtained from an asymptotic representation of a discrete group π can be obtained also from a representation of the group π×Z into the Calkin al...

Let be a ring. We use mod (resp. mod ) to denote the category of finitely generated left -modules (resp. right -modules). We always assume that and are Artinian algebras and is a faithfully balanced self-orthogonal bimodule, that is, satisfies the following conditions: (1) is in mod and is in mod ; (2) the natural maps → End op and → End are isomorphisms; (3) Ext = 0 and Ext = 0 for any i ≥ 1. ...

homotopy theory C.1. Lifting properties, weak factorization systems, and Leibniz closure C.1.1. Lemma. Any class of maps characterized by a right lifting property is closed under composition, product, pullback, retract, and limits of towers; see Lemma C.1.1. Proof. For now see [17, 11.1.4] and dualize. On account of the dual of Lemma C.1.1, any set of maps in a cocomplete category “cellularly g...