Altered mucosal integrity and increased cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), are the hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we addressed the role of TNF receptors (TNFR) on intestinal epithelial cell migration in an in vitro wound closure model. With mouse TNFR1 or TNFR2 knockout intestinal epithelial cells, gene transfection, and pharmacological in...

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, leading to signi®cant morbidity and mortality. Host-derived TNF-a play a role in the induction of allo-reactive donor T cell activation and the pathogenesis of GVHD. On the other hand, the precise role of donor-derived TNF-a in GVHD remains unclear. To elucidate this issue, we designe...

INTRODUCTION Ketamine is commonly used in pediatric anesthesia but recent studies have shown that it could induce neurotoxicity in the developing brain. The inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is involved in the pathogenesis of various types of neurodegenerations. In the present study, we examined whether TNF-α may regulate ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of...

IL-17 plays an important role in host defense and autoimmunity via the induction of proinflammatory gene expression, particularly in combination with TNF-alpha. The molecular mechanisms by which IL-17 regulates such expression are not well understood. Using the mouse chemokine CXCL1 (KC) gene as a model, we have examined the effects of IL-17 alone or in combination with TNF-alpha on transcripti...

There is currently a lack of therapeutic options for patients with advanced colon cancer. Although certain chemotherapies are able to suppress the progression slightly, the response rate is low, and side effects of treatment and tumor recurrence continue to present problems for clinicians. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been identified to possess tumor-promoting properties. In the present ...

The aim of the present study was to construct a fast-acting, eukaryotic expression vector in eukaryotic cells based on transmembrane-tumor necrosis factor‑α (TM‑TNF‑α) structure. Two types of recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed, pcDNA3.1-TM-enterokinase-TNF‑α and pcDNA3.1‑TM‑Factor Xa‑TNF‑α, according to the TNF‑α transmembrane segments. Following the generation of these ...

Mouse mast cell development and survival are largely controlled by the cytokines IL-3 and stem cell factor (SCF). We have found that IL-3 stimulation of bone marrow cells induces the production of TNF via a PI3K- and MAPK kinase/ERK-dependent pathway. Specifically, Mac-1-positive cells were responsible for TNF production, which peaked on days 7-10 of culture and decreased rapidly thereafter. Th...

Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a significant cause of mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a significant effector molecule in this process. However, the relative contribution of donor-versus host-derived TNF-alpha to the development of IPS has not been elucidated. Using a lethally irradiated parent --> F1 mouse...

Nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT)-3 is a member of the transcription factor NFAT family, which has been demonstrated to be responsible for the up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the immune system. Our most recent studies have also shown that TNF is able to induce cell transformation in mouse epidermal Cl41 cells by induction of cyclooxygenase-2...