This vignette describes gdistance, an R package which provides functionality to calculate various distance measures and routes in heterogeneous geographic spaces represented as grids. Distances are fundamental to geospatial analysis (Tobler 1970). The most commonly used geographic distance measure is the great-circle distance, which represents the shortest line between two points, taking into a...

Most moving animals segregate their locomotion trajectories in short burst like rotations and prolonged translations, to enhance distance information from optic flow, as only translational, but not rotational optic flow holds distance information. Underwater, optic flow is a valuable source of information as it is in the terrestrial habitat, however, so far, it has gained only little attention....

Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas endemic only in Sarawak and Kalimantan was categorized by IUCN as a critically endangered primate that require special attention from research and conservation perspectives. A qualitative study on ranging patterns of P. c. chrysomelas was conducted in the Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak. The study was conducted over a period of 13 months from December 2004...

OBJECTIVE We assessed the correlation between the deficits of cognition, movement, and brain activity in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactvity Disorder (ADHD). METHOD We recruited 15 children with ADHD and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants. Clinical symptoms, cognitive shifting, movement shifting, and brain activity were assessed using the Korean ADHD Rating Scale, t...

The VHDL-AMS based genetic optimization of fuzzy logic controller for movement control systems is discussed here. The designs have been carried out in the digital domain with HDL. The basic components of the fuzzy logic controller are designed using VHDL-AMS. The proposed work focuses on control of speed with respect to input parameter such as Alignment & distance with triangular membership fun...

We examined in this review article the behavioural and conceptual models of motor control and short-term memory which have intensively been investigated since the 1970s. First, we reviewed both the dual-storage model of short-term memory in which movement information is stored and a typical model of motor control which emphasizes the importance of efferent factors. We then examined two models o...

Robotic systems, whether physical or virtual, must balance multiple objectives to operate effectively. Beyond performance metrics such as speed and turning radius, efficiency of movement, stability, and other objectives contribute to the overall functionality of a system. Optimizing multiple objectives requires algorithms that explore and balance improvements in each. In this paper, we evaluate...

Experiments on reproducing imposed self-motion showed that not only final distance or angle of motion, but also the temporal profile are reproduced. Reproduction errors have been attributed to sensory inputs, inaccurate memorization of the motion variable, or motor errors. However, another possible source of error has so far been neglected. The internal time base for path integration or movemen...