The role of surgery of the primary cancer and radiation in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still controversial currently, and evidence implied that colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) should be treated with difference. Hence we focused on metastatic rectal cancer (mRC) solely to compare the cancer cause-specific survival (CSS) of patients receiving varied treatments of the primary c...

OBJECTIVE To determine the validity and reproducibility of two subjective instruments to assess limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Brazil: the Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire - Modified version (PFSDQ-M) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. METHODS Thirty patients with COPD (age, 67 +...

Morgan’s refinement calculus (MRC) is one of the well-known methods allowing the formality presented in the program specification to be continued all the way to code. On the other hand, Object-Z (OZ) is an extension of Z adding support for classes and objects. There are a number of methods for obtaining code from OZ specifications that can be categorized into refinement and animation methods. A...

Cancer found in the post-operative remnant stomach includes both newly developed cancer after surgery for benigndisease (PRC) and metachronous multiple cancer (MRC). Differences in the carcinogenic pathway between PRC and MRC have been suspected from clinical studies. However, no study has demonstrated the difference in molecular alteration between these diseases. P16 is inactivated predominant...

Internet takes vital role in our communications infrastructure, due to slow convergence of routing protocols after network failure become a budding problem. To assure fast recovery scheme from link and node failure in networks, we present a new recovery scheme called Multiple Routing Configuration (MRC). Now a days, Internet plays a major role in our day to day activities e.g., for online trans...

OBJECTIVES The Clinical Research Training Fellowship (CRTF) allows up to 3 years support for clinically qualified candidates to undertake specialised or further research training in biomedical sciences. CRTFs are perceived as a crucial step in the career development and progression of Clinical Academics but there are no published data to support this notion. We conducted an electronic survey of...

In the 1930s, August Krogh, Homer Smith, and Ancel Keys knew that teleost fishes were hyperosmotic to fresh water and hyposmotic to seawater, and, therefore, they were potentially salt depleted and dehydrated, respectively. Their seminal studies demonstrated that freshwater teleosts extract NaCl from the environment, while marine teleosts ingest seawater, absorb intestinal water by absorbing Na...

The concept of maximum reservoir capacity (MRC), the ratio of the capacities of the surface soil and of the atmospheric mixed layer (AML) to hold chemical under equilibrium conditions, is applied to selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the surface 'skin' (1 mm) of soils. MRC is calculated as a function of soil organic matter (SOM) content and temperature-dependent K(OA) and mapped g...

Bit error rates of uplink and downlink Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system using coherent Maximal-Ratio Combing (MRC) and Equal Gain Combining (EGC) receivers are estimated over Rayleigh fading channels. The analysis assumes that different subcarriers experience independent fading channels, but not necessary identically distributed. The analysis is based on Gaussian appr...

Leszek Borysiewicz, known as Borys, has firmly stamped his authority on the UK's Medical Research Council (MRC) since arriving as its chief executive in October 2007. But last November, he shocked British biomedical researchers by announcing that he will depart this autumn to become Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. The Cam-bridge job is, of course, a pinnacle of European higher e...