The striatum is the largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, and is crucially involved in motor control. Striatal projection cells are medium-size spiny neurons (MSNs) and form functional GABAergic synapses with other MSNs through their axon collaterals. A subpopulation of MSNs also release substance P (SP), but its role in MSN-MSN communication is unknown. We studied this issue in rat brain slice...

An imbalance in molecular signaling cascades and transcriptional regulation in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, is implicated in the behavioral responses to psychostimulants. To provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms occurring in MSN subtypes by cocaine, we examined the transcription factor early growth...

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have shown great potential in improving drug delivery of poorly water soluble (BCS class II, IV) and poorly permeable (BCS class III, IV) drugs, as well as facilitating successful delivery of unstable compounds. The nanoparticle technology would allow improved treatment by reducing adverse reactions of currently approved drugs and possibly reintroducing pr...

Mobile systems are characterized by several dynamic components like users’ mobility, devices’ interoperability and interactions among users and their devices. In this scenario context-awareness and the emerging concept of social-awareness become a fundamental requirement to develop optimized systems and applications. In this paper we focus on a novel category of pervasive and mobile systems des...

Purpose – To test the ability of major search engines, Google, Yahoo, MSN, and Ask, to distinguish between German and English-language documents Design/methodology/approach – 50 queries, using words common in German and in English, were posed to the engines. The advanced search option of language restriction was used, once in German and once in English. The first 20 results per engine in each l...

Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) receive glutamatergic afferents from the cerebral cortex and dopaminergic inputs from the substantia nigra (SN). Striatal dopamine loss decreases the number of MSN dendritic spines. This loss of spines has been suggested to reflect the removal of tonic dopamine inhibitory control over corticostriatal glutamatergic drive, with increased glutamate release culm...

Traditional chelator-based radio-labeled nanoparticles and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging are playing vital roles in the field of nano-oncology. However, their long-term in vivo integrity and potential mismatch of the biodistribution patterns between nanoparticles and radio-isotopes are two major concerns for this approach. Here, we present a chelator-free zirconium-89 ((89)Zr, t1/2...

Partially inventoried planning area Planning area fully populated with inventory information using global data and estimates of ground data based on "most similar neighbors." { You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. Please specify the publication title and number. Abstract ________________________...