Abstract Eroders are monotonic cellular automata with a linearly ordered state set that eventually wipe out any finite island of nonzero states. One-dimensional eroders were studied by Gal’perin in the 1970s, who presented simple combinatorial characterization class. The multi-dimensional case has been Toom and others, but no such found. We prove similar for those one-dimensional even presence ...

The mounting challenge of climate change requires large-scale transitions in energy, mobility and agro-food systems underpinning industrial societies. An influential framework for the study energy is Multi-level Perspective which has been applied to a broad range new topics questions over last decades. One recent key themes timing, duration acceleration transitions. This paper aims contribute t...

While much recent progress has been made in research on fact-based question answering, our work aims to extend question-answering research in a different direction ─ to handle multiperspective question-answering tasks, i.e. question-answering tasks that require an ability to find and organize opinions in text. This paper proposes an approach to multi-perspective question answering that views th...

This Commentary describes recent research progress and professional developments in the study of scientific teamwork, an area of inquiry termed the "science of team science" (SciTS, pronounced "sahyts"). It proposes a systems perspective that incorporates a mixed-methods approach to SciTS that is commensurate with the conceptual, methodological, and translational complexities addressed within t...

One of the challenges facing intermodal integration is that the planning framework needed for it lacks appropriate measures of level of service that cut across the modes involved and the connections between them. In this study we develop a framework and a set of metrics of level of service in a multimodal context. We propose a conceptual framework in which we identify the various attributes of ...

Using recent criticisms and suggestions regarding themulti-level perspective as stepping stones, the article aims to enhance the reflexivity in transition debates regarding social theories. To that end, the article discusses seven social science ontologies (rational choice, evolution theory, structuralism, interpretivism, ccepted 1 January 2010 vailable online 21 February 2010