influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza a or b virus. it often occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide, mainly during the winter season. significant numbers of influenza virus particles are present in the respiratory secretions of infected persons, so infection can be transmitted by sneezing and coughing via large particle droplets. the mean duration of influenza v...

background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a chronic respiratory disease, which reduces the lung function and causes respiratory symptoms over time, and it is primarily associated with shortness of breath, cough and sputum production. roflumilast, which is a long-acting selective inhibitor, reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of the main symptoms of copd. the aim of this study...

Introduction: Emerging viral diseases (EVDs) pose a significant threat to public health. There have been a few viral epidemics in the last two decades. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic.Objective: To provide emergency physicians an update on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its dynamic impact on the emergency department (ED) in te...

OBJECTIVE Somatoform disorders (SFD) are defined by symptoms that lack medical explanation. This study examined the type and pattern of patients' causal attributions using a new semistructured interview technique METHODS The Causal Attributions Interview allows to assess and weigh 15 common explanations of physical symptoms. Attributions given by 79 patients with SFD were compared with those ...

cystic fibrosis (cf) is an inherited disease that affects multiple organ systems. it is the most common cause of severe progressive lung disease and exocrine panceratic insufficiency. in our investigation 67 patients had cf. of these, 79% had panceratic insufficiency and 92% had lung disease under 2 years age. also 67% of patients were < 2 percentile and 28% between 3-10 percentile weight for a...

IMPORTANCE: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), various digestive symptoms have been frequently reported in a significant portion of patients infected with the virus. It is well established that most patients with COVID-19 have fever along with respiratory signs and symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea. We present 36 cases with chief complaint of gastrointestinal (GI) symp...

The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the cause of death among children under 5 years with respect to the age and sex in Amirkola Children Hospital. The data of 536 child death was obtained during l 993-1997 on the basis of ultimate diagnosis in the death certificate using disease classification. The results shows that the most common cause of death in the neonatal p...

sulfur mustard is one of the major potent chemical warfare agents. it was widely used against not only military personnel but also civilian people ofiranduring the last years (1984–1988) of the iraq–iran war. a number of studies were performed regarding the acute and long-term consequences of sulfur mustard on respiratory system. currently, many aspects of leading respiratory disorder that was ...

this case is a bout a neonate with respiratory distress and primary diagnosis of pneumothorax who had congenital lobar emphysema. this case was the basis to review the topic of congenital lobar emphysema (cle) and the corresponding literature, considering that this is an uncommon disease and although congenital lobar emphysema is rare, clinical awareness of this condition is important for early...

Neurological disease may result in respiratory dysfunction; however the manifestations of respiratory dysfunction in such patients may be atypical because of wider effects of their underlying condition. In the present review we have considered separately acute neuromuscular respiratory disease (as well as aspects of respiratory muscle function relevant to intensive care), chronic neuromuscular ...