Cr/Sc multilayer systems can be used as near-normal incidence mirrors for the water window spectral range. It is shown that a detailed characterization of these multilayer systems with 400 bilayers of Cr and Sc, each with individual layer thicknesses <1 nm, is attainable by the combination of several analytical techniques. EUV and X-ray reflectance measurements, resonant EUV reflectance across ...

A tunable, double multilayer x-ray monochromator has recently been implemented on the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X25 wiggler beam line. It is based on a parallel pair of tungsten-boron-carbide multilayer films grown on silicon substrates and purchased from Osmic, Inc. of Troy, Michigan, USA. It acts as an optional alternative to the conventional double silicon crystal monochromato...

Iridescent colors appearing on natural objects, such as the feathers of a hummingbird, surfaces inside seashells, and shells of beetles, are beautiful and impressive. The cause of such iridescent colors is interference of light inside multilayer film structures covering the natural objects. This paper proposes a method for realistically rendering iridescent colors appearing on natural surfaces,...

Some applications in microelectronics call for freestanding polyimide films with fine metallic wiring patterns that are thinner than commercially available copper-clad polyimide sheets, which are typically greater than 25 pm in thickness. This work describes a laserassisted technique to fabricate freestanding multilayer thin-film wiring with polyimide dielectric insulating layers that are less ...

Ultrathin polypeptide multilayer films are assembled by the sequential electrostatic adsorption of monolayers of poly-l-lysine and poly-l-glutamic acid onto carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiol-modified gold surfaces. The polypeptide multilayer films are hydrophilic, can incorporate electroactive species such as ferri/ferrocyanide, and are stable when immersed in organic solvents such as 1,2-...

This paper presents results of research dealing with geodetic and cadastral aspects of utilizing space above and below the surface. The research is being conducted at the Geodetic Engineering Division of the Technion Israel Institute of Technology, as part of the doctoral studies of the first author. The principal objectives of the research are to find a cadastralgeodetic solution for utilizing...

We reported the stepwise formation of biocompatible poly(L-lysine)/poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLL/PGA) multilayer films on mesoporous silica (MS) spheres via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. In-situ QCM revealed the nonlinear (exponential) growth of PLL/PGA multilayer films at both pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 conditions. Xi-potential measurements of the multilayer coated particles indicated that...

As is well established, mastery to precise control of the layer number, stacking order of graphene, and the size of single-crystal monolayer graphene is very important for both fundamental interest and practical applications. In this report, millimeter-sized single-crystal monolayer graphene has been synthesized to multilayer graphene on Cu by chemical vapor deposition. The relationship of the ...