Russian Germans from Kazakhstan, or Russlanddeutsche, are ethnic who lived in Russia and later Kazakhstan before immigrating to Germany. Many representatives of the elder generation grew up speaking a German dialect known as different Standard German, regional variety Russian. Linguistic integration can still be difficult process for language is closely tied culture identity. However, with time...

this study investigates the causal linkages between military spending and economic growth in opec selected countries (i.e. algeria, angola, nigeria, venezuela, iran, kuwait, saudi arabia and ecuador) by focusing country-specific analysis for the period 1995–2012. for this, the panel causality testing approach, the method developed by emirmahmutoglu and kose (2011) based on the vector autoregres...

In the relatively few years since empirical research into English as a Lingua Franca began being conducted more widely, the field has developed and expanded remarkably, and in myriad ways. In particular, researchers have explored ELF from the perspective of a range of linguistic levels and in an ever-increasing number of sociolinguistic contexts, as well as its synergies with the field of Inter...

This article discusses how university-level healthcare and welfare course programs in the official bilingual Province of Friesland/Fryslân can best be aligned with practice regarding use Frisian inclusion other forms multilingualism. 15 interviews professionals confirm previous findings on significant role minority languages sector. When languages, such as Frisian, are used bond between recipie...

This study examined the linguistic lives, as well beliefs about multilingualism, of 422 secondary school students (ages 11–16) in Lincolnshire, England. The data were collected using questionnaires, replicating Haukås et al.’s (Haukås, Å, A. Storto, and I. Tiurikova. 2021. “Developing Validating a Questionnaire on Young Learners’ Multilingualism Multilingual Identity.” Language Learning Journal...