Gait disorders predict functional decline in older adults. They are often the result of multiple causes, so a full assessment should consider different sensorimotor levels and should include a focused physical examination and evaluation of functional performance. Exercise and medical and surgical interventions are effective and can reduce the degree of gait disorder, but usually not without som...

When learning the relation between a cause and effect, how do people control for all the other factors that influence the same effect? Two experiments tested a hypothesis that people focus on events in which the target cause changes and all other factors remain stable. In both four-cause (Experiment 1) and eight-cause (Experiment 2) scenarios, participants learned causal relations more accurate...

Anatomy of human nephrogenesis The human kidney derives from two parts of the metanephros, its embryonic precursor. The first of these is the ureteric bud, which branches into the collecting ducts containing K secreting principal and H handling intercalated epithelia, and also forms the urothelium of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder trigone. The second is the renal mesenchyme, whi...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility for collecting data on nosocomial infections by means of death certificates. METHODS The medical charts of children who died after 48 hours of their admission to a pediatric hospital were revised to get information about the causes of death. Death certificates were also revised to verify whether they were properly filled out....

SCID, a syndrome characterized by the absence of T cells and adaptive immunity, can result from mutations in multiple genes that encode components of the immune system. Three such components are cytokine receptor chains or signaling molecules, five are needed for antigen receptor development, one is adenosine deaminase--a purine salvage pathway enzyme, and the last is a phosphatase, CD45. In th...

The hub location problem arises in a variety of domains such as transportation and telecommunication systems. In many real-world situations, hub facilities are subject to disruption. This paper deals with the multiple allocation hub location problem in the presence of facilities failure. To model the problem, a two-stage stochastic formulation is developed. In the proposed model, the number of ...

In multiple indicator models, there are several indicators for one trait–method unit. In the less restrictive model, there is one factor for all indicators belonging to the same trait–method unit. The correlations between these factors constitute a latent MTMM matrix. The correlation coefficients of this latent MTMM matrix are not distorted by measurement error and allow a more appropriate appl...