1 Therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing MODS The terms multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS), multiple systems organ failure (MSOF) and, most recently, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) have all been used to describe ‘irreversible shock’ and organ failure. Summarised the causes of irreversible shock are: (1) Haemorrhage uncomplicated by gross trauma; (2) burns; (3) trauma to l...

Background: Women living in poor and vulnerable neighbourhoods like Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside (DTES) face multiple burdens related to the social determinants of health. Many of them struggle with addiction, are involved in the sex trade and experience homelessness and gender-based violence. Such evidence suggests that psychological trauma is also a common experience for these women. Methods...

BACKGROUND Management of orthopaedic injuries in polytrauma cases continues to challenge the orthopaedic traumatologist. Mass disasters compound this challenge further due to delayed referral. Recently there has been increasing evidence showing that damage control surgery has advantages that are absent in the early total care modality. We studied the damage control modality in the management of...

The initial management of the polytrauma patient follows the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) practice of airway and cervical spine control, breathing and circulation. Assessment of injuries takes place initially in the form of a primary survey, during which time life-threatening injuries are excluded. This is followed by a secondary survey when a more detailed assessment of injuries is carr...

BACKGROUND Polytrauma patients nowadays tend to be older due to the growth of the elderly population and its improved mobility. The aim of this study was to compare demographics, injury patterns, injury mechanisms and outcomes between younger and older polytrauma patients. METHODS Data from polytrauma (ISS≥16) patients between 2009 and 2014 were extracted from the Dutch trauma registry (DTR)....

pediatric cervicofacial actinomycosis is a rare occurrence consequent to dental infections and manipulations or maxillofacial trauma. the clinical presentation ranges from multiple draining sinuses to swellings resembling tumors and cysts. the present unusual case had congenital dermoid cyst of mid upper lip with actinomyces israelii infection identified on microscopy, culture, and histopatholo...

Childhood trauma has been suggested to be involved in the susceptibility to bipolar disorder. However, case-control studies are lacking, and the preferential implication and the dose-effect of different trauma subtypes remain poorly investigated. Two hundred six bipolar patients and 94 controls completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein et al., 1994). The CTQ total score was h...

Potentially traumatizing events (PTE) are highly prevalent, and are associated with detrimental effects on psychological health, including increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple endorsed PTEs (polytraumatization) may have even greater effects on a person's health than the impact of a single index event. To better understand patterns of polytraumatization, person-center...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to ascertain the causes of accidents, injuries, and deaths in children who ride bicycles. Fatality and injury rates were also studied in order to compare with other studies. METHODS Two studies of children were undertaken in children aged less than 15 years. In the first (retrospective fatality study), children who died as a result of a bicycle inci...

Methodology: The Injury severity Score (ISS) is the default world standard for assessing the severity of multiple injuries. ISS is a mathematical fit to empirical field data. It is demonstrated that ISS is proportional to the Gibbs/Shannon Entropy. A new Entropy measure of morbidity from blunt force trauma including co-morbidities is derived based on the von Neumann Entropy, called the Abbrevia...