The optical networks based on WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplex) technology can carry enormous amount of data in each fiber link in the network. The networks with the high capacity links have the drawback that a single failure leads to the loss of a large amount of data. So a protection strategic is critical to protect from faults both service providers and end-users. IP networks carry many ty...

Background: Meat species adulteration has become a problem of concern. This study aimed to compare two previously published multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods for meat species authentication.  Methods: The primers used in the first multiplex PCR involved species-specific reverse primer for sheep, goat, cattle, pig, and donkey with universal forward primer. In the second multiple...

Abstract We study urban public transport systems by means of multiplex networks in which stops are represented as nodes and each line is a layer. determine visualize network orientations compare them with street the 36 largest German well 18 selected major European cities. find that mainly oriented direction close to cardinal east-west axis, usually coincides one two orthogonal preferential dir...

A multihoP! wavelength division multiplex (WDM)-based network! BanyanNet! is proposed for the realization of terabit lightwave networks. BanyanNet can be considered as the bi-directional equivalence of the popular ShuffleNet. Exploiting its represenation! we developed a fast! decentralized! bi-directional routing algorithm for BanyanNet. The performance of BanyanNet is compared with that of the...

Random links between otherwise distant nodes can greatly facilitate the propagation of disease or information, provided contagion can be transmitted by a single active node. However we show that when the propagation requires simultaneous exposure to multiple sources of activation, called multiplex propagation, the effect of random links is just the opposite: it makes the propagation more diffic...

The lack of interoperability between cellular access networks has long been a challenging burden, which telecommunication engineers and researchers are trying to overcome. In second generation networks for example, this problem lies in the lack of standardization. 3 G networks is limited to a few operating modes using different radio transmission technologies that are not interoperable. 4G tech...