This paper reports dissociation constants and "effective molarities" (M(eff)) for the intramolecular binding of a ligand covalently attached to the surface of a protein by oligo(ethylene glycol) (EG(n)) linkers of different lengths (n = 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20) and compares these experimental values with theoretical estimates from polymer theory. As expected, the value of M(eff) is lowest when the ...

Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant class of biomolecules on Earth. They are “global players” and indeed play many roles. They store energy and water. They serve as metabolic intermediates. They function as stable, raw materials or as intelligent, bioengineered products. They are even active in “social media”, that is, they mediate communication between cells and they store information b...

Two T7OH/+ translocation-carrying male mice were used in an investigation into the relation between the segregation pattern of the translocation caused multivalent at anaphase I and the position of the only chiasma in a long interstitial segment. Moreover, the relation between meiotic stage (from early diakinesis to metaphase I) and chiasma movement was assessed. It appeared that pronounced mov...

Lipid-mediated delivery of DNA into cells holds great promise both for gene therapy and basic research applications. This paper describes the efficient and facile synthesis and the characterization of a new multivalent cationic lipid with a double-branched headgroup structure for gene delivery applications. The synthetic scheme can be extended to give cationic lipids of different charge, spacer...

Stem cell differentiation is regulated by complex repertoires of signaling ligands which often use multivalent interactions, where multiple ligands tethered to one entity interact with multiple cellular receptors to yield oligomeric complexes. One such ligand is Sonic hedgehog (Shh), whose posttranslational lipid modifications and assembly into multimers enhance its biological potency, potentia...

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a cell-surface protein overexpressed in many diseases and explored for endocytosis and transcytosis of drug delivery systems. All previous evidence demonstrating ICAM-1-mediated transport of therapeutics into or across cells was obtained using nanocarriers or conjugates coupled to multiple copies of anti-ICAM antibodies or peptides. Yet, transport o...

Alois Alzheimer, the Bavarian neuropathologist, first introduced the Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1906 following detection of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and arteriosclerotic changes in the brain of his patient. AD is known as the most frequent global form of dementia, these days, representing 50-80% of all cases1 with huge patient maintenance costs (i.e. 172 billion US dollars in ...

The Front Cover shows the Multivalent Antibody-Recruiting Glycopolymers (MARGs) prepared by grafting multiple copies of dinitrophenol (DNP, pink) onto hyaluronan acid polymers (HA, cyan) for cancer immunotherapy. MARGs are able to recognize CD44 marker on cell surface and concomitantly recruit endogenous anti-DNP antibodies kill cells through immune effector functions in vitro vivo. designed co...

‎making use of a linear operator‎, ‎which is defined here by means of‎ ‎the hadamard product (or convolution)‎, ‎we define a subclass‎ ‎$mathcal {t}_{p}(a‎, ‎c‎, ‎gamma‎, ‎lambda; h)$ of meromorphically‎ ‎multivalent functions‎. ‎the main object of this paper is to‎ ‎investigate some important properties for the class‎. ‎we also derive‎ ‎many results for the hadamard roducts of functions belong...

The results from this paper are related to the geometric function theory. In order obtain them, we use technique based on differential subordination, one of newest techniques used in field, also known as admissible functions. For that, appropriate classes functions first defined. Based these classes, some subordination and superordination for multivalent meromorphic functions, analytic puncture...