background and objective: becker muscular dystrophy (bmd) is a subtype of dystrophinopathies and designated as “mild form of dystrophinopathy”. the frequency rate of the disease is 1:18000 to 1:30000 in different populations and the symptoms are presented at about 8-9 years of age. the diagnostic panel composed of serum ceratin kinase (sck) measurement, electromyography (emg), and as a major co...

l-tyrosine, b6 and folic acid are involved in biosynthesis of dopa and consequently dopamine. the aim of this study was to investigate the antiparkinsonian effect of these agents in perphenazine-induced catatonia in rats. murprogo method or scored muscular rigidity, which is induced by a phenothiazine, was used to evaluate the antiparkinsonian effect of these agents. a significant decrease in m...

There is anecdotal evidence that bone strains may increase to the point that bone becomes susceptible to rapid failure when muscles become fatigued. To determine whether neuromuscular response could be a factor in accelerating bone failure, we tested the hypothesis that muscle fatigue causes a significant increase in peak principal and shear strains in bone. Ten adult foxhounds were subjected t...

Cardiac involvement is common in patients with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, published reports of long-term follow-up studies in the same patients are very rare. The purpose of this study was to clarify the natural course of cardiac dysfunction in DMD, and to analyze the relationship between the deterioration of cardiac function and skeletal muscular function. The cardiac fun...

Johannsen UJ: Phentolamine and isoproterenol: Comparison of effects on vascular resistance and oxygen uptake in skeletal muscle during hypotension. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 199: 353359, 1976 Zelis R, Mason DT, Braunwald E: A comparison of the effects of vasodilator stimuli on peripheral resistance vessels in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure. J Clin Invest 47: 960-970, 1...

171 muscular atrophy, which further aggravates re‐ spiratory failure. It can even trigger or increase the severity of comorbidities such as ischemic vas‐ cular diseases, heart failure, osteoporosis, meta‐ bolic syndrome, and depression.2 According to several studies, platelets and their indices may be used as inflammatory markers for cardiovascular, inflammatory, and throm‐ boembolic diseases.3...

INTRODUCTION Little is known about the frequency of cardiopulmonary failure in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (calpainopathy) patients, although some studies have reported severe cardiomyopathy or respiratory failure. METHODS To clarify the frequency of cardiopulmonary dysfunction in this patient population, we retrospectively reviewed the respiratory and cardiac function of 43 patien...

Heart failure is a progressive muscular disorder leading to a deterioration of the heart characterized by a contractile dysfunction and a chronic energy deficit. As a consequence, the failing heart is unable to meet the normal metabolic and energy needs of the body. The transition between compensated left ventricular hypertrophy and the de-compensated heart is multifactorial, although metabolic...

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is defined as a sudden malfunction in the ability of respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange. Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure develops as a result of ventilation deficiency and it is defined as an increase of PaCO2 above 45 mmHg. Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a sporadically developing auto-immune deficiency where the neuro-muscular transmission is ...