PURPOSE The operative field for vascular access (VA) surgery in the forearm is on the volar surface, and motor nerve block is not necessary for regional anesthesia. Therefore, selective block of branches of the brachial plexus may be a more efficient anesthesia technique. METHODS Individual nerve blocks in the axillary brachial plexus and selective blocks of the musculocutaneous and medial an...

Objective: Variations of the median nerve (MN) are important for clinical and surgical approaches. In this study, it was aimed to determine formation, distribution communication MN in fetal cadavers. Material Method: This study carried out on 80 upper extremities obtained from 40 spontaneously aborted human fetuses (22 females, 18 males) aged between weeks. Median, ulnar musculocutaneous (MSCN)...

INTRODUCTION While studies using various materials to overcome ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury are becoming increasingly common, studies on the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoTA) on IR injury in musculocutaneous flaps are still limited. The purpose of this study was to examine our hypotheses that BoTA provide protection of musculocutaneous flap from ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHOD Five ...

AIm: Treatment options for traumatic brachial plexus injuries include nerve grafting, or neurotization. The type of lesion and the reconstructive procedures affect functional results and postoperative pain relief. mAterIAl and methOds: A total number of twenty five patients suffering from post-traumatic brachial plexus injury were included in the study. The patients underwent exploration and pr...

The axillary neurovascular structures are one of the potential anatomical fields to show variations in many ways. The axillary artery gets divided in three parts by the fore lying pectoralis minor and provides the superior thoracic artery from first part, thoraco-acromial artery, lateral thoracic artery from second part and the third part gives anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex ...