Salt tolerance of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) C. Koch (Chenopodiaceae), a stem-succulent halophyte most commonly found in the intertidal regions of the provinces of Sind and Balochistan, Pakistan, was investigated. Plants were grown for 125 d at six sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations from 0 to 1000 mM to determine the effects of salinity on ion accumulation, plant water status, and b...

Spontaneous mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain C1204b were selected for their ability to tolerate 0.2 M NaCl, a growth-inhibiting level of salt for the parental strain. Transposon-mediated salt-sensitive mutants of strain C1204b were screened for their inability to grow in 0.08 M NaCl. Quantitation of the free-amino acid pools in the mutants grown in NaCl revealed a dramati...

Inflammation, characterized by the presence of proinflammatory chemokines and neutrophils, is a hallmark of early airway disease in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF), although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study, we evaluated the role of NaCl and the ensuing hyperosmolar effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha signaling and apoptosis in macrophages. Incubation of ...

A split-root growth system was employed to evaluate the effect of NaCl on nodule formation by soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Davis). By applying the salinity stress and rhizobial inoculum to only one-half the root system, the effects of salinity on shoot growth were eliminated in the nodulation process. Rhizobium colonization of inoculated root surfaces was not affected by the salt treatments...

We conducted the present study to test the hypothesis that sympathetic responsiveness, rather than its absolute level of activity, is a determinant of salt-sensitive hypertension. Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented for computerized recordings of arterial pressure and placed in metabolic cages. In one group (n = 10), the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin was chronically infused throughou...

Our previous studies in hydrocephalic Dahl rats indicated that the NaCl signal is perceived in the structures around the third brain ventricle. In the present study, we assessed 24-h ambulatory blood pressures (ABPs), weight (WT) gains, and the kidney and brain injuries in induced hydrocephalic and control group Dahl S rats on 0.3% and 6% NaCl diets. Constant WT gains were observed among low Na...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus inhabits marine, brackish, and estuarine waters worldwide, where fluctuations in salinity pose a constant challenge to the osmotic stress response of the organism. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a moderate halophile, having an absolute requirement for salt for survival, and is capable of growth at 1 to 9% NaCl. It is the leading cause of seafood-related bacterial gastroenter...

INTRODUCTION Three percent sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment has been shown to reduce brain edema and inhibited brain aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression in bacterial meningitis induced by Escherichia coli. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main pathogenic component of E. coli. We aimed to explore the effect of 3% NaCl in mouse brain edema induced by LPS, as well as to elucidate the potential mechanisms...

Na(+) loading without Cl(-) fails to increase blood pressure in the DOCA model. We compared the changes in the total body (TB) effective Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), and water (TBW) content as well as in intracellular (ICV) or extracellular (ECV) volume in rats receiving DOCA-NaCl, DOCA-NaHCO(3), or DOCA-KHCO(3). We divided 42 male rats into 5 groups. Group 1 was untreated, group 2 received 1% NaCl, and...

INTRODUCTION Investigations have brought evidence that salt intake is positively related to systolic blood pressure and that children with higher blood pressure are more susceptible to hypertension in adulthood. In developed countries the main source of salt is processed food. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to determine total sodium chloride (NaCl) in average daily meal (breakfast, snack...