Candida utilis CBS 621 was grown in chemostat cultures at D = 0.1 h-1 on glucose, xylose, gluconate, acetate, or ethanol as the growth-limiting substrate with ammonia or nitrate as the nitrogen source and analysed for NADPH-producing and NADPH-consuming enzyme activities. Nitrate and nitrite reductases were strictly NADPH-dependent. For all carbon sources, growth with nitrate resulted in elevat...

Catalases (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) from many species are known to be tetramers of 60,000-dalton subunits, with four heme groups per tetramer. Previous authors have determined the amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of bovine liver catalase. Studies of the regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway led the present authors to a search for proteins that bind NADP+ a...

Isolated corn (Zea mays L.) mitochondria were found to oxidize reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in a KCl reaction medium. This oxidation was dependent on the presence of calcium or phosphate or both. Strontium and manganese substituted for calcium, but magnesium or barium did not. The oxidation of NADPH produced contraction of mitochondria swollen in KCl. Further evidence tha...

Our main objective was to determine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), contribute to altered pulmonary vascular responses in piglets with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Piglets were raised in either room air (control) or hypoxia for 3 days. The effect of the cell-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic (SOD; M404...

Recent studies have indicated the importance of cholesterol-rich membrane lipid rafts (LRs) in oxidative stress-induced signal transduction. Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, the major sources of reactive oxygen species, are implicated in cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase subunits and activity are reg...

Cellular redox state is an important metabolic variable, influencing many aspects of cell function like growth, apoptosis, and reductive biosynthesis. In this report, we identify NADPH as a candidate signaling molecule for exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. In pancreatic beta-cells, glucose acutely raised the NADPH-to-NADP+ ratio and stimulated insulin release in parallel. Furthermore, intrace...

The NADPH oxidase is a multi-subunit enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to form superoxide (O(2)(-)). While classically linked to the respiratory burst in neutrophils, recent evidence now shows that O(2)(-) (and associated reactive oxygen species, ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase in nonphagocytic cells serves myriad functions in health and disease. An entire new family of NA...

We used the NADPH-diaphorase histochemical method as a potential marker for nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland of the sheep. Nerve fibers containing NADPH-diaphorase activity provide dense innervation of the sheep pineal gland. The nerve fibers were located in the pineal capsule, in the connective tissue septae separating the lobull of the gland, an...

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of renal damage in diabetes and hypertension. The major source of oxidative stress is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2 ) that directly damage cell and also activate signaling of cell proliferation, adhesion molecules, and fibrosis. O2 .also inactivates endothelium derived nitric o...

Engineered xylose-metabolizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown on xylose show increased expression of YMR315W at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, the YMR315W promoter contains a putative binding site for the transcription factor Stb5p, which has been shown to regulate genes involved in NADPH production such as ZWF1, GND1 and GND2. We hypothesized that Ymr315wp, a conserved p...