BACKGROUND Although assessment of glycated nail proteins may be a useful marker for monitoring of diabetes, their nature and formation are still poorly understood. Besides a detailed anatomical analysis of keratin glycation, the usefulness of glycated nail protein assessment for monitoring diabetic complications was investigated. METHODS 216 patients (94 males, 122 females; mean age ± standar...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of a novel permeation enhancer system using two existing marketed nail lacquers and the delivery of terbinafine through human nail samples in vitro. METHODS Initially a modified Franz cell was used, where sections of human nail serve as the barrier through which drug penetrates into an agar-filled chamber infected with dermatophyt...

BACKGROUND Nail involvement is a common feature of psoriasis, predicting higher disease severity and greater impairment in quality of life. Valid assessment of nail psoriasis is relevant for research and routine clinical use. However, no measurement standards have currently been developed. OBJECTIVE To identify state-of-the-art outcomes measurements in nail psoriasis by literature analysis. ...

K101 Nail Solution (trademarks Emtrix(®), Nalox(™), Naloc(™)) is a combination of propylene glycol, urea and lactic acid in a topical formulation for the treatment of nails affected by onychomycosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the Minimal Cidal Concentration (MCC) of K101 Nail Solution against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans as well as the effect of K101 Nail Solution on ...

From Oregon Dermatology and Research Center, Portland, and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland. The author reports no conflict of interest. Dermatology encompasses disorders of the skin, hair, and nails. Why is it that many dermatologists shy away from nail disorders, particularly nail surgery? Many dermatologists choose not to see patients with nail disorders and instead send them t...

The Boolean formula value problem is in alternating log time and, more generally, parenthesis context-free languages are in alternating log time. The evaluation of reverse Polish notation Boolean formulas is also in alternating log time. These results are optimal since the Boolean formula value problem is complete for alternating log time under deterministic log time reductions. Consequently, i...

The reverse Polish notation properties are used in the construction of the algorithms for the polygon triangulation. The formal grammar method is “translated” to the arithmetic expression field enabling application of the reverse Polish notation method. The result of this approach is a relatively simple algorithm for polygon triangulation.

Pneumatically powered nail guns have been used in construction since 1959. Penetrating injuries to the heart with nail guns have a wide range of presentations from asymptomatic to cardiac tamponade and exsanguination. Mortality related to cardiac nail gun injuries is similar to knife injuries, estimated at 25%. Surgical exploration is the treatment of choice. We describe a case of self-inflicte...

SUMMARY Pincer nails are a common problem, and various treatments have been reported. However, there is no simple assessment of severity. We designed a curvature index for the nail plate to assess the severity of pincer nail. Measurement of the curvature index was as follows. The apparent width of the nail tip was defined as A, and the traced length of the nail tip was defined as B. The curvatu...