Synopsis---The flat NAIL of some primates, including man, is unique and is usually formed from one area of the nail fold invagination called the MATRIX. This is deeply placed below two layers of EPIDERMIS and is therefore well protected from injury. Alternative .methods of nail formation more closely resemble the formation of a mammalian claw and may be regressions to a more primitive state. Co...

Compression was evaluated in an intramedullary hindfoot arthrodesis cadaver model using an external fixator and a "second generation" intramedullary compression nail. Four cadaver specimens were used. Four trials were done with each specimen. Trial 1: manual compression with the 1st generation nail. Trial 2: external fixator for compression with the 1st generation nail. Trial 3: external fixato...

PURPOSE To explore the possible surgical factors related with nonunion in femoral shaft fracture following intramedullary nailing. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed totally 425 patients with femoral shaft fracture in level I urban trauma center, including 254 males and 171 females, with an average age of 37.6 (ranging from 21 to 56) years old. The inclusion criteria included: (1) traumatica...

A fracture construct, representing a worst-case model of a comminuted intertrochanteric fracture, was created in order to compare the fixation stability of two different cephalomedullary nails: one where the lag screw can telescope within itself to achieve displacement of the head-neck fragment, and the other where the solid lag screw slides only. After nail fixation, the models were loaded and...

SUMMARY Pincer nails are a common problem, and various treatments have been reported. However, there is no simple assessment of severity. We designed a curvature index for the nail plate to assess the severity of pincer nail. Measurement of the curvature index was as follows. The apparent width of the nail tip was defined as A, and the traced length of the nail tip was defined as B. The curvatu...

INTRODUCTION The yellow nail syndrome is usually described as the combination of yellow nails with lymphoedema and often with respiratory manifestations such as pleural effusions, chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis. The syndrome is most often seen in the middle-aged individuals. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 6-year-old girl with yellow nail syndrome having pansinusitis and bronchiectasis. ...

BACKGROUND Lengthening nails have been used to correct limb length discrepancy caused by different etiologies, as well as for post-traumatic reasons. Two important lengthening nail-related complications are damage to the distraction mechanism and femoral fractures around the nail tip. As a result of the curved anatomy of the femur, straight nails impinge on the anterior cortex. Therefore, prope...

An extensive test program was conducted to develop nail withdrawal design values for wood structural panels. Tested variables included: nail type (plain shank vs. deformed shank), panel type (plywood vs. OSB) and thickness, and exposure condition. Testing followed the procedures described in ASTM D1761. Based on the test results, the recommended allowable nail withdrawal strength for plywood an...