Tropopause folds are the main mechanism underlying stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and influence tropospheric composition weather systems by triggering convection. Here, we present global climatology of tropopause in Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis atmospheric products time period f...

Abstract As global warming gets worse, the extreme heat exposure time is expected to increase. Considering that heatwave damages increased by accumulation of stress, it important understand onset and number days (HWDs). Here, we show end East Asian summer monsoon activity (i.e., Changma retreat date, CRD) could be an indicator in determining heatwave, barotropic structure induced circumglobal P...

Tropical and subtropical freshwater habitats are among the most biodiverse ecosystems worldwide, containing a characteristic fauna high numbers of endemic species. However, exploitation organisms, global climate change, pollution introduction invasive species severely threatening this diversity. Implementation appropriate conservation protection measures in tropical systems depends on comprehen...

Abstract This is the first study to show global Cut-off Low (COL) activity in 46 models participating Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6). The COL historical simulations for period 1979–2005 obtained from CMIP5 CMIP6 their ensembles are compared with ERA5 reanalysis using an objective feature-tracking algorithm. results that simulate spatial distribution of COLs ...

this study was designed to examine the chemical composition and in-vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanolic extract of teucrium orientale subsp. taylori. the gc and gc–ms analysis of the essential oil resulted in determination of 40 components representing 96.4% of the oil. the major constituents of the oil were linalool (28.6%), caryophyllene oxide (15.6%), 1,8-cineol (4....

The structure of three-jet ee → bbg events has been studied using hadronic Z decays recorded in the SLD experiment at SLAC. Three-jet final states were selected and the CCD-based vertex detector was used to identify two of the jets as b or b; the remaining jet in each event was tagged as the gluon jet. Distributions of the gluon energy and polar angle with respect to the electron beam were meas...

Abstract This study offers an overview of the low-frequency (i.e., monthly to seasonal) evolution, dynamics, predictability, and surface impacts a rare Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric warming that occurred in austral spring 2019. Between late August mid-September 2019, circumpolar westerly jet weakened rapidly, Antarctic temperatures rose dramatically. The deceleration vortex at 10 hPa w...