The empirical investigation of which risk factor—political or financial—is the optimal driver country in emerging economies twenty-first century has grown into a significant and volatile issue recent decades. This paper investigates linkages between political financial four Balkan (i.e., Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania) from 1984 Q3 to 2018 Q4, using non-linear autoregressive distributed lag...

The current study explored the impact of renewable energy use, urbanization, economic growth and trade in services on CO2 emission Maldives by using annual data series ranging from 1990 to 2020. We have checked variables influences utilizing nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method with long-run short-run connections. Findings via showed that use has positive negative coefficient...

This study aims to examine the asymmetric nexus between CO2 emissions and renewable energy economic population growth in seven East African countries (EACs) at regional level country levels. Common correlated effect means group (CCEMG), nonlinear autoregressive distributed lagged (NARDL), causality tests were employed for panel data from 1980 2016. The main findings are as follows: (1) Renewabl...

This paper investigates the inflation-hedging ability of gold in Vietnam from 2011 to 2022. In order assess how government management has affected domestic market, two local prices (SJC and 9999) were employed. The non-linear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) approach is applied analyze short- long-run asymmetry between CPI prices. result reveals that relationships are (asymmetric) can on...

Since the beginning of this century, there has been evidence a rise in educational funding among South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). However, decline recent years despite Asia being highly populated and poverty-ridden region. Thus, present study comes to assess how well countries are doing relation effect on national development indicators, namely economic growth, human ca...

The paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and environmental pollution on economic growth in an emerging economy. We used annual data covering period 1986–2020 non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) to analyze positive negative co-integrated variables, our findings support asymmetric relationship between investment, both short long run, as well a long-run growth. A on...

Energy, especially renewable is considered an essential ingredient in sustaining development, since its availability and accessibility a very important topic worldwide. Therefore, SDG incorporated clear goal related to sustainable energy which assures the necessity of accesablity all sustainable, reliable with reasonable cost. The research problem centred that Sudan owns so many diversified sou...

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ranks lowest globally in respect of energy access rates. The resulting high poverty impedes sustainable economic growth and aggravates the overall which is prevalent SSA countries. A better understanding relationship between financial development consumption can contribute to enhancing SSA. existing literature presents conflicting evidence regarding this relationship. O...