Towards understanding the molecular epidemiology of a severe dog rabies epidemic in the KwaZulu Natal province of South Africa, we analyzed a variable 592 nucleotide genome sequence domain of 170 rabies viruses from KwaZulu Natal and surrounding regions. Viruses from the KwaZulu Natal and Eastern Cape provinces belonged to a unique lineage, circulating as two independent and expanding epidemiol...

Sharks are a globally threatened group of marine fishes that often breed in their natal region of origin. There has even been speculation that female sharks return to their exact birthplace to breed ('natal philopatry'), which would have important conservation implications. Genetic profiling of lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) from 20 consecutive cohorts (1993-2012) at Bimini, Bahamas, sho...

Important factors involved in odontogenesis in mouse dental papillae disappear between the pre- and post-natal stages of development. Therefore, we hypothesized that certain genes involved in odontogenesis in dental papillae were subject to pre-/post-natal down-regulation. Our goal was to identify, by microarray analysis, which genes were down-regulated. Dental papillae were isolated from embry...

Honeybees learn the spatial relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and the landscape immediately surrounding their nest, which allows bees to locate the sun under overcast skies by reference to the landscape alone. Surprisingly, when bees have been transplanted from their natal landscape to a rotated twin landscape - such as from one treeline to a similar but differently oriented tr...

objective(s):skin extracellular matrix, which contains type i and type iii collagens, is involved in skin development. the aim of this study was to investigate type iii collagen distribution pattern as well as its changes during pre and post-natal skin morphogenesis in rats. materials and methods: ventral skins of wistar rat embryos at different stages from 10 to 20 gestational day (e10-e20) an...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two regimes during rats' gestation and lactation on learning, memory and motor function of their offspring. for this purpose, female rats (albino-wistar) were obtained from pasteur institute, iran. after mating, 12 pregnant rats were divided into three groups and they had their special regimes during their last week of pregnancy as we...

This study discusses problems and facilities in pre-natal and post-natal conditions of rural women at Palosi Peshawar, focusing on the various components of pre and post-natal conditions and facilities available in the area. The researcher selected 30 beneficiaries through purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used as the tools of data collection. Data was anal...