The evolution of the institution Ombudsman in retrospect shows that changes western system administration from time to and recognition various new kinds rights interests by States at national international levels called for introduction as an addendum justice. Because fundamental government came perform distinct functions different times such investigation, mediation, dispute resolution etc. An...

This article analyzes the emergence and development of National Human Rights Action Plan (NHRAP) or Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Ranham) during Indonesian Reform era, 1998-2020. Ranham is recognized as a national strategic policy document that describes explains; 1) how state incorporates human rights principles norms into its policies, 2) to measure remarkable achievements. All gov...

globalization is a multi-dimensional process of economic, political, cultural, and ideological change. it has had a mixed impact on women’s rights. on the one hand, it has led to increasing violations of women’s economic, political, and cultural rights in large measure due to the withering away of the welfare-developmental state, the feminization of poverty, the expansion of religious fundament...

the market for carbon dioxide rights emerged as one of the tools applicable to the implementation of the measures adopted by the kyoto protocol to combat climate change. in this paper we analyze the case of spain, because their peculiar administrative division into seventeen autonomous communities, it is relevant to a detailed study of emissions and allowances of the industries that make up ...

Abstract Human rights education (HRE) is at once a tool, the means, and method to empower individuals in human rights. The 2011 United Nations (UN) Declaration on Rights Education Training (HRET) encourages stakeholders learners disseminate information about norms equip people with knowledge understanding, instruments, mechanisms—and ultimately skills. According HRET Declaration, educators trai...

The majority of human rights can be restricted in certain situations, despite their significance for every democratic society. That means that those are not absolute. Such situations represent, example, war and states emergency, according to the European Convention on Human Rights. Then, order protect interest state national security, rights, interests individuals, come second. In case, it is n...

disproportionate punishments are punishments passed or enforced without considering the criteria of proportionality, namely the criteria of harm done, the absolute or relative seriousness of crimes, the kind of committed crime and offender characteristics, the degree and kind of victim culpability. considering the penological aims, such as retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence and securing so...