Abstract The novel-weapons and homeland-security hypotheses are based on the idea that aliens natives not adapted to each other’s allelochemicals as they did co-evolve. However, only a few studies have tested this, it remains unclear how important co-evolutionary history is in determining strength of allelopathic interactions between natives. Here, we for potential pairwise effects other five a...

Aim Climate warming and increasing human disturbance are expected to promote non-native plant invasions in mountain ecosystems. Although biological also be modulated by biotic interactions, it is still not clear how invertebrate herbivores can affect invasion dynamics. Using a large manipulative experiment, we aimed at testing: (1) the effect of soil elevation on native communities, (2) plant-h...