Pakistan is a country facing lots of challenges related to human development. The field education no exception in the sense To counter these problems, reforms and educational projects were introduced bring This study analyzes Punjab foundation (PEF) school reform programs evaluate one such project. For that purpose, data PEF annual reports published by government other articles about used for a...

Empirical studies have shown that food stamp participants spend a higher proportion of their benefit on food than they would with an equivalent amount of cash. Our study demonstrates that this result can be explained by the decisionmaking behavior of multi-adult households. Multi-adult households spend a higher proportion of their food stamp benefit than they would with an equivalent amount of ...

OBJECTIVES This study compares the use of and cost for behavioral health services among heads of homeless and housed poor families. METHODS Medicaid records for 59,135 heads of families receiving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families benefits were matched with data from Philadelphia's municipal shelter system. Propensity score matching was used to select a matched control group to those iden...

When calculating financial need, the FAFSA does not consider the parental income of students who turn 24 years old. This paper uses the student’s quarter of birth interacted with the treated cohort to instrument for financial need. Using the interaction mitigates many of the concerns regarding quarter of birth instruments. A dollar increase in financial need is associated with 15 cents in feder...

At present, small pelagic forage fish species (includes anchovies, herring, mackerel, sardines, etc.) represent the largest landed species group in capture fisheries (27.3 million t or 29.7% of total capture fisheries landings in 2006). They also currently constitute the major species group actively fished and targeted for nonfood uses, including reduction into fishmeal and fish oil for use wit...

In the continuous and rapid growth that the technology has, people are all engaged, even without realizing it, the important thing is to exploit all the advantages that it gives to them. In these times much is what it has been said about the knowledge society and collaborative work, in this sense some project have been set up to benefit the most needy. In Venezuela such networks are coming with...

Establishment of institutions of higher learning requires massive amount of different resources which are always in short supply. The delivery of learning material and tests to the students has become very easy with the facility of uploading the same on the web irrespective of the number of students. The assessment part could be a deterrent as far as willingness of learned faculty members to pa...

Recent research has revealed that specific tastes can influence moral processing, with sweet tastes inducing prosocial behavior and disgusting tastes harshening moral judgments. Do similar effects apply to different food types (comfort foods, organic foods, etc.)? Although organic foods are often marketed with moral terms (e.g., Honest Tea, Purity Life, and Smart Balance), no research to date h...

In sub-Saharan Africa, the exchange of sex for material support-labeled "transactional sex" by Western observers--is claimed by some to be a major driver of the AIDS pandemic. Transactional sex is described as akin to prostitution, a degraded form of sexual expression forced on vulnerable women by economic desperation. Using evidence from rural Malawi, we demonstrate that patron-client ties and...

The exponential increase of multimedia services by the mobile users requires seamless connectivity with costeffective Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. For providing such on-demand QoS, the network needs to utilize the radio channels among the Mobile Hosts (MHs) effectively. We use vector genetic algorithm (VGA) for temporal imploration of sharable channel(s) from the neighbouring cell(s) ...